Impulsivity is a central symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its neural basis may be instantiated in a frontoparietal network involved in response inhibition. However, research has yet to determine whether neural activation differences in BPD associated with response inhibition are attributed to attentional saliency, which is subserved by a partially overlapping network of brain regions.

Patients with BPD (n = 45) and 29 healthy controls (HCs; n = 29) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a novel go/no-go task with infrequent odd-ball trials to control for attentional saliency. Contrasts reflecting a combination of response inhibition and attentional saliency (no-go > go), saliency processing alone (oddball > go), and response inhibition controlling for attentional saliency (no-go > oddball) were compared between BPD and HC.

Compared to HC, BPD showed less activation in the combined no-go > go contrast in the right posterior inferior and middle-frontal gyri, and less activation for oddball > go in left-hemispheric inferior frontal junction, frontal pole, superior parietal lobe, and supramarginal gyri. Crucially, BPD and HC showed no activation differences for the no-go > oddball contrast. In BPD, higher vlPFC activation for no-go > go was correlated with greater self-rated BPD symptoms, whereas lower vlPFC activation for oddball > go was associated with greater self-rated attentional impulsivity.

Patients with BPD show frontoparietal disruptions related to the combination of response inhibition and attentional saliency or saliency alone, but no specific response inhibition neural activation difference when attentional saliency is controlled. The findings suggest a neural dysfunction in BPD underlying attention to salient or infrequent stimuli, which is supported by a negative correlation with self-rated impulsiveness.

冲动是边缘性人格障碍（BPD）的核心症状，其神经基础可能在参与反应抑制的额顶叶网络中得到体现。然而，研究尚未确定 BPD 中与反应抑制相关的神经激活差异是否归因于注意力显着性，而注意力显着性是由部分重叠的大脑区域网络所促进的。

BPD 患者 ( n = 45) 和 29 名健康对照 (HC； n = 29) 接受了功能性磁共振成像，同时完成一项新颖的进行/不进行任务，并进行罕见的奇怪试验来控制注意力显着性。 BPD 和 HC 之间的对比反映了反应抑制和注意力显着性的组合（no-go > go）、单独的显着性处理（oddball > go）以及控制注意力显着性的反应抑制（no-go > oddball）。

与 HC 相比，BPD 在右后下回和额中回的组合 no-go > go 对比中表现出较少的激活，并且在左半球下额叶交界处、额极、顶上叶、和边缘上回。至关重要的是，BPD 和 HC 对于 no-go > 奇怪的对比没有表现出激活差异。在 BPD 中，“no-go”>“go”时较高的 vlPFC 激活与较大的自评 BPD 症状相关，而“oddball>go”时较低的 vlPFC 激活与较高的自评注意力冲动性相关。

BPD 患者表现出与反应抑制和注意力显着性组合或单独显着性相关的额顶叶破坏，但当注意力显着性受到控制时，没有特定反应抑制神经激活差异。研究结果表明，BPD 的神经功能障碍导致对显着或不频繁的刺激的关注，这得到了与自评冲动呈负相关的支持。