ABSTRACT

The arrival date of the Druze at Mount Carmel is still unclear and several claims exist regarding it. None of the Druze villages have been extensively studied, and at present there are only two villages that survived the dismantling of the last two centuries; these are Daliyat al-Karmil and ʿIsifya. The current study will focus on Daliyat al-Karmil as a case study, using geographical, historical and archaeological evidence for dating the Druze arrival at Mount Carmel. The main claim suggests that the town began its journey during the early seventeenth century under the rule of Emir Fakhr al-Din al-Maʿani II; and another claim suggests that the town was built after the rule of Fakhr al-Din II, mostly because of immigration from Lebanon and Syria, as a result of the battle of ʿAyn Dara in 1711. Combining historical, archaeological and geographical evidence has led the present study to suggest that the settling of the town of Daliyat al-Karmil, as well as the other Druze settlements on Mount Carmel, did not begin before the seventeenth century. Moreover, it adds that the Druze inhabitation at Daliyat al-Karmil was among the earliest in the Carmel, and it probably began between 1622 and 1635.

中文翻译：

---

卡梅尔山上的德鲁兹人定居点：Daliyat al-Karmil 作为案例研究——考古、历史和地理证据

摘要

德鲁兹人到达卡梅尔山的日期尚不清楚，并且存在一些关于它的说法。没有一个德鲁兹村庄得到广泛研究，目前只有两个村庄在过去两个世纪的拆除中幸存下来；这些是 Daliyat al-Karmil 和 ʿIsifya。当前的研究将以 Daliyat al-Karmil 作为案例研究，使用地理、历史和考古证据确定德鲁兹到达卡梅尔山的年代。主要主张表明，该镇于 17 世纪初在埃米尔法赫尔丁马阿尼二世的统治下开始了它的旅程；另一种说法表明该镇是在 Fakhr al-Din II 统治之后建造的，主要是因为 1711 年 ʿAyn Dara 战役的结果，来自黎巴嫩和叙利亚的移民。结合历史，考古和地理证据使本研究表明，Daliyat al-Karmil 镇以及卡梅尔山上的其他德鲁兹人定居点的定居点并未在 17 世纪之前开始。此外，它还补充说，Daliyat al-Karmil 的德鲁兹人居住是卡梅尔最早的居住地之一，它可能开始于 1622 年至 1635 年之间。