This article examines the link between paternal migration and children’s arithmetic and reading achievement, using the 2005 and 2012 waves of the national India Human Development Survey (IHDS). Additionally, it investigates if fathers’ migration is associated with increased investments in children’s education and time spent on educational activities. Using propensity score matching, this article finds that fathers’ current and long-term migration, defined as being a migrant in both IHDS waves, is positively associated with children’s education. However, the benefits of paternal migration are experienced more frequently by sons than by daughters. Sons of migrant fathers demonstrate higher reading and arithmetic achievement, benefit from higher education expenditure, and spend more time on educational activities than sons of non-migrant fathers. Daughters of migrant fathers exhibit higher reading skills and receive higher investments in education but are no different from daughters of non-migrant fathers in time spent on educational activities and arithmetic achievement. These results suggest a gendered process at play in remittance utilization, with sons experiencing a more robust remittance effect. Nevertheless, it is promising to note that daughters also gain from the economic and social remittances received by left-behind families in a modernizing India.

本文使用印度全国人类发展调查（IHDS）的2005年和2012年浪潮，考察了父亲移徙与儿童的算术和阅读成绩之间的联系。此外，它还调查了父亲的移居是否与增加对儿童教育的投资以及在教育活动上花费的时间有关。通过使用倾向得分匹配，本文发现父亲的当前和长期移民（被定义为两次IHDS浪潮中的移民）与孩子的受教育程度呈正相关。但是，儿子比女儿更常经历父亲移徙的好处。与非移民父亲的儿子相比，移民父亲的儿子表现出更高的阅读和算术成绩，受益于较高的教育支出，并且在教育活动上花费的时间更多。移民父亲的女儿表现出较高的阅读能力，在教育方面的投入也更高，但与非移民父亲的女儿在教育活动和算术成就上花费的时间没有什么不同。这些结果表明，在汇款使用中，性别过程发挥了作用，儿子们的汇款效果更强。然而，令人鼓舞的是，在现代化的印度，女儿们也从留守家庭收到的经济和社会汇款中受益。儿子的汇款效果更强。然而，令人鼓舞的是，在现代化的印度，女儿们也从留守家庭收到的经济和社会汇款中受益。儿子的汇款效果更强。然而，令人鼓舞的是，在现代化的印度，女儿们也从留守家庭收到的经济和社会汇款中受益。