Reciprocity is an important concept in international trade negotiations. However, we know little about who demands reciprocity in trade liberalization. This paper characterizes reciprocitarians based on a survey of 10,816 individuals in Japan. Workers in protected sectors tend to demand reciprocity in import liberalization, but oppose the demand for foreign countries to open their markets. In contrast, individuals in managerial occupations tend to demand foreign market opening, but reject the idea of no import liberalization without reciprocity. We also examine the effects of education, nationalism, and risk aversion.

中文翻译：

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贸易自由化中的个人特征和互惠需求：来自日本的一项调查证据

互惠是国际贸易谈判中的一个重要概念。但是，我们对谁要求在贸易自由化中互惠互助知之甚少。本文根据对10,816名日本人的调查来描述互惠者的特征。受保护部门的工人倾向于在进口自由化中要求互惠，但反对外国开放市场的要求。相比之下，从事管理职业的人往往要求开放国外市场，但拒绝没有互惠就没有进口自由化的想法。我们还将研究教育，民族主义和规避风险的影响。