Abstract

Aquaponics is the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics where nutrients released by growing fish are utilized by plants grown in a soilless culture, often in a controlled environment. Potential advantages of aquaponics include improved sustainability, reduced resource consumption, and fewer environmental impacts compared to conventional aquaculture. Based on a 2014 survey, it was found that most respondents were practicing aquaponics as a hobby. Other groups of respondents were educators, non-profit organizations that operate aquaponic systems, commercial operators, and consultants that sell goods, material, and services. Although many proponents cite the opportunity to create a commercially viable food production system few (if any) ventures have demonstrated sustainable financial outcomes. In general, much of the peer-reviewed aquaponic publications and popular literature, and despite the efforts of some investigators, lacks a methodical scientific basis for describing the essential mechanics, relationships, and culture methods within aquaponic systems. Many systems evolved from small-scale experimental facilities devised by trial and error methods and were implemented with locally limited appropriate species, limited finances, and distorted market situations. Many of the published aquaponic experiments are based on small systems, short growth trials, and weak experimental design. The predominant system design approach is based on a relatively small number of experiments. This review introduces notation and algorithms that are intended to standardize the numerous critical values essential in aquaponics for purposes of determining design criteria and operational parameters including flows, the concentration of water quality constituents, metabolite production, and productivity of plant and animal segments in an aquaponic systems. The objective of this systematic approach is to employ scientific methods that provide research results that can be replicated, challenged, and improved. This methodology is expected to facilitate more rapid development of scientific information, productive systems, and rational economic applications. This approach is crucial for commercial applications where production cost, product value, and investment returns are of critical importance for practitioners that envision investment in new ventures. For hobbyists and educators, economic issues may not be as important as the self-sufficiency and natural synergism aspects, personal satisfaction, and the learning experience that result from existing state-of-the-art of aquaponic practices. These outcomes remain for all and a clearer understanding of smaller personal systems is likely to be enhanced.

摘要

鱼菜共生是水产养殖和水培的整合，其中生长鱼类释放的养分被在无土栽培中生长的植物利用，通常在受控环境中。与传统水产养殖相比，鱼菜共生的潜在优势包括提高可持续性、减少资源消耗和减少对环境的影响。根据 2014 年的一项调查，发现大多数受访者将鱼菜共生作为一种爱好。其他受访者群体包括教育工作者、运营鱼菜共生系统的非营利组织、商业运营商以及销售商品、材料和服务的顾问。尽管许多支持者引用了创建商业上可行的食品生产系统的机会，但很少有（如果有的话）企业展示了可持续的财务成果。一般来说，尽管一些研究人员做出了努力，但许多同行评审的鱼菜共生出版物和流行文献都缺乏描述鱼菜共生系统中基本机制、关系和培养方法的系统科学基础。许多系统是从通过试错法设计的小型实验设施演变而来的，并在当地有限的适当物种、有限的资金和扭曲的市场情况下实施。许多已发表的鱼菜系统实验都是基于小型系统、短期生长试验和薄弱的实验设计。主要的系统设计方法是基于相对少量的实验。本综述介绍了符号和算法，旨在标准化鱼菜系统中必不可少的众多关键值，以确定设计标准和操作参数，包括流量、水质成分的浓度、代谢物的产生以及鱼菜系统中植物和动物部分的生产力系统。这种系统方法的目标是采用科学方法，提供可以复制、挑战和改进的研究结果。这种方法有望促进科学信息、生产系统和合理经济应用的更快发展。这种方法对于生产成本、产品价值、对于希望投资新企业的从业者而言，投资回报至关重要。对于业余爱好者和教育者来说，经济问题可能不如自给自足和自然协同作用、个人满意度以及现有最先进的鱼菜系统实践所产生的学习经验重要。这些结果对所有人来说仍然存在，并且可能会增强对较小的个人系统的更清晰的理解。