Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received increasing attention due to their broad application prospects. However, the nature of sensor nodes, i.e., limited battery life and inefficient protocols, greatly reduces the sensor networks’ lifetime. Therefore, determining how to extend their lifetime has become an important issue for WSNs. This paper focuses on the technique of extending the networks’ lifetime by reducing and balancing energy consumption and proposes an enhanced energy optimization routing protocol (EEORP) for WSNs. EEORP proposes a grid-based cluster head (CH) election algorithm and introduces the energy weight and declaration number order weight factors to reduce the energy consumption in the rotation of CHs. EEORP adopts the dynamic clustering algorithm to reduce the energy consumption in intra-cluster data collection. The hop-count gradient field and grid distance are also introduced in EEORP to minimize the energy consumption in inter-cluster forwarding of the data. Our proposed protocol (EEORP) shows better performance than the existing protocols (LEACH, IEE-LEACH and EAMR) in terms of the networks’ lifetime and data throughput in WSNs, as has been demonstrated experimentally.

无线传感器网络（WSN）由于其广阔的应用前景而受到越来越多的关注。但是，传感器节点的性质，即有限的电池寿命和低效的协议，极大地缩短了传感器网络的寿命。因此，确定如何延长其使用寿命已成为WSN的重要问题。本文着重于通过减少和平衡能量消耗来延长网络寿命的技术，并提出了一种针对WSN的增强型能量优化路由协议（EEORP）。EEORP提出了一种基于网格的簇头（C H）选择算法，并引入了能量权重和声明编号顺序权重因子，以减少C H s旋转中的能量消耗。。EEORP采用动态聚类算法，以减少集群内数据收集的能耗。EEORP中还引入了跳数梯度字段和网格距离，以最大程度地减少群集间数据转发中的能耗。正如网络实验证明的那样，我们提出的协议（EEORP）在网络寿命和WSN中的数据吞吐量方面都比现有协议（LEACH，IEE-LEACH和EAMR）更好。