In 1983 a reporter from the Far Eastern Economic Review visited a Balinese headman, inspecting a long row of tiny new homes recently built for himself and one hundred other families from his village. This was not Bali, however, but a new town carved out of the forest in the sparsely populated Luwu district of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where nearly 43,000 people had moved from Java and Bali since 1970. These villagers were participants in Indonesia’s transmigration program, which between 1972 and 1990 resettled nearly five million people, mostly poor, landless farmers, from the densely populated islands of Java and Bali to more than 3,000 new settlements in Southern Sumatra, Aceh, Kalimantan, West Papua, Sulawesi, East Timor, and other parts of Indonesia. Jakarta spent nearly $10 billion in the process, reshaping the lives of millions of ordinary Indonesians on both ends of the migration chain and changing the fabric of modern Indonesia, though often in ways that confounded the program’s intentions.

中文翻译：

---

1968-1985年，印度尼西亚的移徙与发展危机

1983年，《远东经济评论》的记者拜访了一位巴厘岛酋长，检查了一排排排排的小新房子，这些小新房子是最近为自己和村庄里其他一百个家庭建造的。但是，这里不是巴厘岛，而是印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省人烟稀少的卢武区森林中的一个新城镇。自1970年以来，那里有近43,000人从爪哇和巴厘岛迁出。这些村民是印度尼西亚移民计划的参与者，从1972年至1990年，近500万人从爪哇岛和巴厘岛人口稠密的岛屿重新安置，到苏门答腊南部，亚齐，加里曼丹，西巴布亚，苏拉威西，东帝汶等地的3,000多个新定居点重新安置印度尼西亚的部分地区。雅加达在此过程中花费了近100亿美元，