Previous research has demonstrated that people remember information that is (emotionally) incongruent to their expectations, but it has left open the question if this memory enhancement has also an influence on our later actions. We investigated this question in one pilot study and two experiments. In all studies, participants first interacted with trustworthy and untrustworthy looking partners in an investment game. Facial trustworthiness was manipulated to stimulate social expectations about the behavior of the partners. In a later second investment game, participants played against old opponents from the first game and new opponents. Overall, willingness to cooperate in the second game was influenced by the formerly behavior of the opponent. However, facial trustworthiness affected economic decisions, too. Furthermore, we analyzed source memory data that indicated no differences in memory between cheaters and cooperators. Instead, source guessing was related to cooperation: The more participants guessed that an untrustworthy looking face belonged to a cheater, the less they cooperated with untrustworthy looking opponents. Interestingly, in experiment 2, we found a positive correlation between old-new recognition and later cooperation. In sum, the results demonstrate that memory and guessing processes can influence later decisions. However, economic decisions are also heavily affected by other social expectations like facial trustworthiness.

先前的研究表明，人们记住的信息（在情感上）与他们的期望不一致，但这种记忆增强是否也会影响我们以后的行为，这一问题仍然悬而未决。我们在一项试点研究和两项实验中调查了这个问题。在所有研究中，参与者首先在投资游戏中与看起来值得信赖和不值得信赖的合作伙伴进行互动。面部可信度被操纵以激发社会对合作伙伴行为的期望。在稍后的第二场投资游戏中，参与者与第一场比赛的老对手和新对手进行比赛。总体而言，第二局的合作意愿受到了对手先前行为的影响。然而，面部可信度也影响了经济决策。此外，我们分析了源内存数据，表明作弊者和合作者之间的内存没有差异。相反，来源猜测与合作有关：参与者猜测不可信的面孔属于骗子的越多，他们与看起来不可信的对手合作的越少。有趣的是，在实验 2 中，我们发现新旧识别与后期合作之间存在正相关关系。总之，结果表明记忆和猜测过程可以影响以后的决策。然而，经济决策也受到其他社会期望（如面部可信度）的严重影响。他们与看起来不可信的对手合作得越少。有趣的是，在实验 2 中，我们发现新旧识别与后期合作之间存在正相关关系。总之，结果表明记忆和猜测过程可以影响以后的决策。然而，经济决策也受到其他社会期望（如面部可信度）的严重影响。他们与看起来不可信的对手合作得越少。有趣的是，在实验 2 中，我们发现新旧识别与后期合作之间存在正相关关系。总之，结果表明记忆和猜测过程可以影响以后的决策。然而，经济决策也受到其他社会期望（如面部可信度）的严重影响。