National space law in general aims to implement a State's obligations under the UN Space Treaties to authorize and supervise public and private sector space activities and to limit the liability risk exposure of a State. However, Earth observation data regulation is becoming of increasing importance as the Earth observation sector becomes more mature, although until recently only a few States have enacted legislation for private Earth observation activities. The purpose of this article is to review the situations in five countries that have so far created Earth observation data regulations, namely Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States. The relevant laws and regulations for each country are reviewed and assessed, followed by the identification of common trends in Earth observation data regulation and legislation. The conclusions of the article point to a growing need by nations to focus on Earth observation data regulation as the result of technology developments, national security considerations, and increased international competition.

一般而言，国家空间法旨在履行国家根据《联合国空间条约》承担的义务，以授权和监督公共和私营部门的空间活动，并限制一国承担的责任风险。但是，随着地球观测部门的日趋成熟，对地球观测数据的监管变得越来越重要，尽管直到最近，只有少数几个国家颁布了有关私人地球观测活动的立法。本文的目的是回顾加拿大，法国，德国，日本和美国迄今已制定了地球观测数据法规的五个国家的情况。审查和评估每个国家的相关法律法规，然后确定地球观测数据法规和立法中的共同趋势。