The paper provides evidence for the existence of endoclitics in Andi, a Nakh-Daghestanian language of the Avar-Andic branch spoken in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In Andi, the additive marker (‘also’) and the intensifying marker (‘even, at all’) behave as enclitics on various types of hosts and as endoclitics when they occur on negative verb forms. In the latter case, the additive and intensifying markers break up the word form and appear before the negation marker. I argue that both the additive and the intensifier are clitics, especially in view of their highly promiscuous attachment. I also show that negative verb forms are morphologically synthetic, so the additive and the intensifier are genuine endoclitics, i.e. clitics that occur inside morphological words. In addition I provide a few parallels for the unusual morphosyntactic behaviour of additive and intensifying clitics in some other Nakh-Daghestanian languages as well as in some languages of Northern Eurasia. Although in these cases the corresponding markers do not qualify as endoclitics proper, the available data hint at a cross-linguistic tendency towards word-internal placement of morphemes with meanings like ‘also’, ‘even’ or ‘only’.

中文翻译：

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安迪的内生气候

本文提供了证据，证明了俄罗斯达格斯坦共和国使用的阿瓦尔-安迪克分支的纳赫达格斯坦语安第语中存在内生冰。在安迪语中，加性标记（“也”）和增强标记（“甚至完全”）在各种类型的宿主上表现为enclitic，在否定动词形式上表现为endoctictics。在后一种情况下，加性和增强标记会破坏单词形式，并出现在否定标记之前。我认为添加剂和增强剂都是气候，特别是鉴于它们高度混杂。我还表明，否定动词形式在形态上是合成的，因此加法和增强词是真正的内在语气，即出现在形态词内部的语气。此外，我还提供了一些相似的相似之处，以说明其他Nakh-Daghestanian语言以及北欧亚大陆的某些语言中加性和强化气候的异常形态句法行为。尽管在这些情况下，相应的标记不符合适当的内部气候条件，但可用的数据暗示着一种跨语言的趋势，即词素在词内的位置具有“也”，“偶数”或“仅”之类的含义。