In this study, we investigate the ablation properties of bolides capable of producing meteorites. The casual dashcam recordings from many locations of the Chelyabinsk superbolide associated with the atmospheric entry of an 18 m in diameter near-Earth object (NEO) have provided an excellent opportunity to reconstruct its atmospheric trajectory, deceleration, and heliocentric orbit. In this study, we focus on the study of the ablation properties of the Chelyabinsk bolide on the basis of its deceleration and fragmentation. We explore whether meteoroids exhibiting abrupt fragmentation can be studied by analyzing segments of the trajectory that do not include a disruption episode. We apply that approach to the lower part of the trajectory of the Chelyabinsk bolide to demonstrate that the obtained parameters are consistent. To do that, we implemented a numerical (Runge–Kutta) method appropriate for deriving the ablation properties of bolides based on observations. The method was successfully tested with the cases previously published in the literature. Our model yields fits that agree with observations reasonably well. It also produces a good fit to the main observed characteristics of Chelyabinsk superbolide and provides its averaged ablation coefficient σ = 0.034 s² km⁻². Our study also explores the main implications for impact hazard, concluding that tens of meters in diameter NEOs encountering the Earth in grazing trajectories and exhibiting low geocentric velocities are penetrating deeper into the atmosphere than previously thought and, as such, are capable of producing meteorites and even damage on the ground.

中文翻译：

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研究大型硼化物消融的一种数值方法：在车里雅宾斯克州的应用

在这项研究中，我们研究了能够产生陨石的硫化物的烧蚀特性。来自车里雅宾斯克超硫化物许多位置的偶然行车记录仪记录与直径18 m的近地天体（NEO）的大气进入有关，为重建其大气轨迹，减速和日心轨道提供了极好的机会。在这项研究中，我们专注于车里雅宾斯克硼化物的减速和破碎基础上的消融性能研究。我们探索是否可以通过分析轨迹的不包括中断事件的片段来研究显示突变的流星体。我们将该方法应用于车里雅宾斯克流星的轨迹的下部，以证明所获得的参数是一致的。要做到这一点，我们实施了一种数值（Runge–Kutta）方法，适用于根据观测结果推导硫化物的烧蚀特性。该方法已通过先前文献中发表的案例成功进行了测试。我们的模型得出的拟合值与观察值相当吻合。它也很好地契合了车里雅宾斯克超硫化物的主要观察特征，并提供了平均消融系数σ  = 0.034 s ²  km ^-2。我们的研究还探讨了撞击危险的主要含义，得出结论认为，直径数十米的近地天体在掠食轨道上遇到地球并表现出较低的地心速度，它们比以前想象的更深地渗透到大气中，因此能够产生陨石和甚至损坏地面。