The dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) provides insights to detect the ionospheric perturbations with Total Electron Content (TEC) variations induced by the Earthquakes (EQs) or geomagnetic storm effects. In this paper, we investigate abnormal ionospheric signatures before three large magnitudes (M_w > 6.5) and shallow hypocentral depth < 20 km EQs in New Zealand from daily GPS TEC time series retrieved from International GNSS Services (IGS) stations around the epicenter. Furthermore, geomagnetic activities are completely quiet within 5–15 days before two EQs (M_w 7.8 and M_w 6.8) and one EQ of M_w 6.6 occurred in active storm days (hereafter, geomagnetic storm-EQ event). The anomalies are detected on the basis of a statistical analysis of running median and Inter Quartile Range (IQR) to signify the abnormality in daily TEC time series for 30 days before and 10 days after each EQ. We observe less intensity TEC anomalies of < 2 TECU during UT = 15–24 h (for New Zealand, UT = LT + 13) within 5–15 days before two EQs of M_w 7.8 and M_w 6.8. Whereas, a chain of positive and negative anomalies is generated by geomagnetic storm-EQ event (M_w 6.6) far beyond 5–15 days before and after the main shock due to active storm conditions (Kp> 3; Dst < −50 nT). Furthermore, geomagnetic storm anomalies are dominant on M_w 6.6 EQ day to active storm conditions. To validate the ionospheric anomalies as possible seismic precursors, the atmospheric anomalies in relative humidity and OLR (outgoing longwave radiations) are also examined to exhibit the evolution of ionospheric anomalies from the lithosphere to ionosphere via the atmosphere. Moreover, EQ induced regular and collocated atmospheric anomalies over the epicenters of M_w 7.8 and M_w 6.8 and irregular atmospheric anomalies exist over the seismogenic zone of M_w 6.6 due to geomagnetic storm-EQ nature. The observed EQ anomalies will aid in the improvement of lithosphere atmosphere ionosphere coupling hypothesis during the seismic preparation phase over the epicenter of future EQ.

双频全球定位系统（GPS）提供了洞察力，可检测由地震（EQ）或地磁风暴效应引起的总电子含量（TEC）变化引起的电离层扰动。在本文中，我们从从震中附近的国际GNSS服务（IGS）站获取的每日GPS TEC时间序列中，研究了新西兰的三个大电离层（M _w > 6.5）和浅层次深深度<20 km EQs之前的异常电离层特征。此外，地磁活动在两个EQ（M _w 7.8和M _w 6.8）和M _W一个EQ之前的5到15天内完全安静。6.6发生在活跃的风暴日（以下称地磁风暴EQ事件）中。在对运行中位数和四分位间距（IQR）进行统计分析的基础上检测到异常，以表示每个EQ之前30天和之后10天的每日TEC时间序列异常。我们UT = 15-24之前M的2个均衡器内5-15天小时（对于新西兰，UT = LT + 13）期间，观察<2 TECU的较小的强度TEC异常_瓦特7.8和M_瓦特6.8。然而，由于活跃的风暴条件（Kp> 3； Dst <−50 nT），地磁风暴​​-EQ事件（M _w 6.6）产生的正负异常链远超过主震前后的5-15天（Kw> 3）； 。此外，地磁风暴​​异常在M _w上占主导地位6.6 EQ天到活跃的风暴条件。为了验证电离层异常是可能的地震前兆，还检查了相对湿度和OLR（向外的长波辐射）中的大气异常，以显示电离层异常从岩石层到电离层通过大气的演变。此外，EQ引起的定期和搭配大气异常在M的震中_W¯¯ 7.8和M _{w ^} 6.8和不规则的大气异常存在过M的孕震区_W¯¯ 6.6由于磁暴-EQ性质。在未来EQ震中的地震准备阶段，观测到的EQ异常将有助于改善岩石圈大气电离层耦合假设。