Congenital tumours and tumour-like lesions represent a group of rare disorders in both veterinary and human medicine that arise from tissue remnants and are detected during pregnancy or within the first 2–3 months of life. Different forms of congenital tumours and congenital tumour-like lesions have been reported in calves and their development is poorly understood. They often pose a diagnostic challenge and the referring nomenclature occasionally may be equivocal. Previous reports regarding tumour-like lesions, soft tissue tumours, vascular tumours, round cell tumours and neoplasms of the nervous, peritoneum and urogenital systems are summarized in this review, and the role of genetic factors in the development of these conditions is discussed.

先天性肿瘤和肿瘤样病变代表了兽医和人类医学中的一组罕见疾病，它们由组织残余物引起，并在怀孕期间或出生后的前 2-3 个月内被检测到。已经报道了不同形式的先天性肿瘤和先天性肿瘤样病变在小牛身上，但对它们的发展知之甚少。它们通常会带来诊断上的挑战，有时所指的命名法可能会模棱两可。本综述总结了以前关于肿瘤样病变、软组织肿瘤、血管肿瘤、圆形细胞肿瘤和神经、腹膜和泌尿生殖系统肿瘤的报道，并讨论了遗传因素在这些疾病发展中的作用。