Modern day renewable and smart energy systems are increasingly playing an important role in our societies. Electric vehicle charging services infrastructures are becoming ever more popular and accessible, although at a pace that we argue is not well understood yet in terms of the reliability and security of this new paradigm. Often solutions are rolled out to the market with little or no analysis of their resilience and even at the standards level, specifications of systems and protocol often omit or skim over the question of reliability. In this paper, we propose a new formal approach for analysing the effects of single failures on process algebraic specifications used often in specifying communication protocols. We apply this new approach to one part of an international standard protocol, the Open Charge Point Protocol, for electric vehicle charging, and demonstrate how the effects of specification faults can impact the safety and security of the protocol.

现代可再生能源和智能能源系统在我们的社会中正日益发挥重要作用。电动汽车充电服务基础设施正变得越来越普及和可访问，尽管就这一新范式的可靠性和安全性而言，我们认为这一步尚未得到很好的理解。通常，解决方案很少或根本没有对弹性进行分析就投放市场，甚至在标准级别上，系统规格和协议规范也经常忽略或忽略可靠性问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的形式化方法来分析单个故障对经常用于指定通信协议的过程代数规范的影响。我们将此新方法应用于国际标准协议的一部分，即开放收费点协议，