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Return smoothing in life insurance from a client perspective
Insurance: Mathematics and Economics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2021.03.012
Jochen Ruß , Stefan Schelling

Participating (or with-profit) life insurance contracts play an important role in private old-age provision in many countries. Life insurers pool the assets and liabilities of a heterogeneous portfolio of such contracts and typically perform some return smoothing in the collective investment. Participating contracts were historically equipped with a cliquet-style (year-to-year) guarantee. The current low interest rate environment and regulatory requirements have forced life insurers to develop new product designs with lower and/or different types of guarantees. However, observed demand as well as the findings of several studies show that (year-to-year) guarantees are (subjectively) highly attractive for long-term investors. In this paper, we show that return smoothing alone (that is, without guarantees) can significantly increase the attractiveness for such investors. Most importantly, we show that many (loss averse) long-term investors will even prefer products without guarantee but with smoothed returns over other products with guarantee features. The results hold for long-term investors who not only consider the terminal value but at least partially also evaluate potential annual changes in the account value (even if such changes only have a rather low impact on the decision). Additionally, we show that the descriptive model used in this paper is able to explain the popularity of traditional participating life insurance products in Germany providing further evidence that long-term investors consider potential annual value chances already when making the investment decision.



中文翻译:

从客户角度看人寿保险的回报平滑

在许多国家,分红(或盈利)人寿保险合同在私人养老方面发挥着重要作用。人寿保险公司将此类合同的异类投资组合的资产和负债集中在一起,并通常在集体投资中进行一些回报平滑处理。参与合同历来配备了小团式(逐年)保证。当前的低利率环境和监管要求迫使寿险公司开发具有较低和/或不同类型担保的新产品设计。然而,观察到的需求以及几项研究的结果表明,(逐年)担保对长期投资者(主观上)极具吸引力。在本文中,我们展示了单独的回报平滑(即,无担保)可以显着增加对此类投资者的吸引力。最重要的是,我们表明,许多(厌恶损失的)长期投资者甚至更喜欢没有保证但回报平滑的产品,而不是其他具有保证功能的产品。结果适用于不仅考虑终值而且至少部分地评估账户价值的潜在年度变化的长期投资者(即使这些变化对决策的影响很小)。此外,我们表明本文中使用的描述模型能够解释传统分红人寿保险产品在德国的流行,提供进一步的证据表明长期投资者在做出投资决策时已经考虑了潜在的年度价值机会。我们表明,许多(厌恶损失)长期投资者甚至更喜欢没有保证但收益平滑的产品,而不是其他具有保证功能的产品。结果适用于不仅考虑终值而且至少部分地评估账户价值的潜在年度变化的长期投资者(即使这些变化对决策的影响很小)。此外,我们表明本文中使用的描述模型能够解释传统分红人寿保险产品在德国的流行,提供进一步的证据表明长期投资者在做出投资决策时已经考虑了潜在的年度价值机会。我们表明,许多(厌恶损失)长期投资者甚至更喜欢没有保证但收益平滑的产品,而不是其他具有保证功能的产品。结果适用于不仅考虑终值而且至少部分地评估账户价值的潜在年度变化的长期投资者(即使这些变化对决策的影响很小)。此外,我们表明本文中使用的描述模型能够解释传统分红人寿保险产品在德国的流行,提供进一步的证据表明长期投资者在做出投资决策时已经考虑了潜在的年度价值机会。结果适用于不仅考虑终值而且至少部分地评估账户价值的潜在年度变化的长期投资者(即使这些变化对决策的影响很小)。此外,我们表明本文中使用的描述模型能够解释传统分红人寿保险产品在德国的流行,提供进一步的证据表明长期投资者在做出投资决策时已经考虑了潜在的年度价值机会。结果适用于不仅考虑终值而且至少部分地评估账户价值的潜在年度变化的长期投资者(即使这些变化对决策的影响很小)。此外,我们表明本文中使用的描述模型能够解释传统分红人寿保险产品在德国的流行,提供进一步的证据表明长期投资者在做出投资决策时已经考虑了潜在的年度价值机会。

更新日期:2021-03-27
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