Rapid phenotypic stock identification in mixed‐stock fisheries can provide a useful alternative to more time‐intensive methods (e.g., coded wire tags, genetics) in assessing harvest and informing management decisions. We leveraged local ecological knowledge, existing stock identification methods, and understanding of life history differences to develop rapid stock identification tools for fall‐run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha encountered in the Buoy 10 recreational fishery at the mouth of the Columbia River. Specifically, we sought to differentiate between the fishery’s two dominant genetic lineages: lower river tules and upriver brights. We sampled recreationally landed Chinook Salmon in 2017, 2018, and 2019, assigned sampled individuals to functional reporting groups using a single‐nucleotide‐polymorphism‐based genetic baseline, and collected measurements on phenotypic traits. Using traits including pigmentation patterns (e.g., spotting), fin morphology, characteristics indicative of sexual maturity, and muscle lipid content, random forest classification models provided consistently high classification success across and within genetic groups (i.e., up to 90%). Classification success remained consistent over time within fishery seasons and between years but showed meaningful bias between sexes. Based on observed classification success, we developed and evaluated a categorical visual identification guide capable of facilitating more rapid trait observations and on‐site stock identification. The resulting classification key, built using classification trees and visual guide observations from 2019, achieved slightly lower classification success across and within genetic groups and had variable success among samplers. Compared with the existing use of coded wire tags in harvest assessment, phenotypic stock identification methods can provide more rapid and more numerous assignments, albeit with a greater degree of individual assignment error. Applied as a complement to standard methods like coded wire tags, the use of rapid phenotypic stock identification methods offers the potential for increased overall precision and timeliness in harvest assessments.

中文翻译：

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休闲渔业管理中奇努克鲑的快速表型种群鉴定

在评估捕捞量和通知管理决策时，混合种群渔业中的快速表型种群识别可为更耗时的方法（例如，编码电线标签，遗传学）提供有用的替代方法。我们利用当地的生态知识，现有的种群识别方法以及对生活史差异的理解，为秋季的奇努克鲑鱼Oncorhynchus tshawytscha开发了快速的种群识别工具。在哥伦比亚河河口的浮标10休闲渔业中遇到的。具体来说，我们试图区分渔业的两个主要遗传谱系：下游河谷和上游亮光。我们在2017年，2018年和2019年对休闲着陆的奇努克鲑鱼进行了抽样，使用基于单核苷酸多态性的遗传基线将抽样的个体分配给功能报告小组，并收集了表型性状的测量值。利用包括色素沉着模式（例如斑点），鳍形态，指示性成熟的特征和肌肉脂质含量在内的特征，随机森林分类模型在遗传群体内和遗传群体内（即高达90％）提供了一致的高分类成功率。在渔业季节内和几年之间，分类成功随着时间的推移保持一致，但在两性之间显示出有意义的偏差。基于观察到的分类成功，我们开发并评估了分类视觉识别指南，该指南能够促进更快速的性状观察和现场种群识别。使用2019年的分类树和目视观察结果构建的最终分类密钥，在基因组内和遗传组内的分类成功率略低，并且在采样器之间的成功率不尽相同。与在收获评估中使用编码电线标签的现有方法相比，表型库存识别方法可以提供更快，更多的分配，尽管个体分配错误的程度更大。作为标准方法的补充，例如编码电线标签，