We analyse the effects of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine on the world’s sunflower complex markets. We develop a spatial equilibrium model that incorporates the vertical and horizontal links between the primary commodity (seeds) and two final by-products (oil and meal). Our empirical analysis covers eight regions—the leading producers and consumers in the sunflower complex. This agreement causes EU’s sunflower oil price to decrease by USD 17.42 per metric ton, benefiting EU’s consumers by USD 81.4 million. However, EU’s total net welfare decreases by USD 10.3 million, while Ukraine’s increases by USD 32.7 million.

中文翻译：

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欧盟-乌克兰自由贸易协定对世界向日葵园的影响

我们分析了欧盟 (EU) 和乌克兰之间的深度和全面自由贸易区对世界向日葵综合市场的影响。我们开发了一个空间平衡模型，该模型结合了初级商品（种子）和两种最终副产品（油和粉）之间的垂直和水平联系。我们的实证分析涵盖了八个地区——向日葵综合体的主要生产者和消费者。该协议使欧盟葵花籽油价格每吨下降17.42美元，使欧盟消费者受益8140万美元。然而，欧盟的总净福利减少了 1030 万美元，而乌克兰增加了 3270 万美元。