Background There are two alternative mechanisms, elucidating the reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and social support when explaining health outcomes: self-efficacy beliefs may operate as the establisher of social support (the cultivation model) or social support may enable the formation of self-efficacy beliefs (the enabling model). Purpose In line with the cultivation hypothesis, it was tested if self-efficacy (measured in parents and children) would indirectly predict parental and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), via the mediator, social support (parent-provided, child-received). In line with the enabling hypothesis, it was tested if social support would predict MVPA indirectly, via the mediator, self-efficacy. Methods A total of 879 parent–child dyads (1758 individuals; 52.4% girls, aged 5–11 years old, 83.2% mothers) provided self-reports at the baseline (T1) and the 7- to 8-month follow-up (T2). Body weight and height were measured objectively. Manifest path analyses were performed, controlling for the baseline levels of the mediator and dependent variables. Results A similar number of significant simple indirect effects was found for the cultivation and the enabling model. Across the models, the indirect effects followed similar patterns: (a) within-individual indirect effects in children; (b) across-individual indirect effects, with the independent variable measured in children and the mediator/dependent variables measured in parents (e.g., child self-efficacy predicted parental support provision and, indirectly, parental MVPA); (c) across-individual indirect effects, accounting for self-efficacy and MVPA measured in children, combined with parental reports of social support. Conclusions The findings provide support for both cultivation and enabling models in the context of MVPA among parent–child dyads.

中文翻译：

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亲子关系社会支持与自我效能感的培养与赋能

背景 在解释健康结果时，有两种可供选择的机制来阐明自我效能感和社会支持之间的相互关系：自我效能感信念可以作为社会支持的建立者（培养模式）或社会支持可以促成自我效能感的形成。效能信念（赋能模型）。目的 根据培养假设，测试了自我效能感（在父母和孩子中测量）是否会通过中介、社会支持（父母提供、孩子收到）。根据支持假设，测试了社会支持是否会通过中介、自我效能感间接预测 MVPA。方法 共有 879 对亲子（1758 人；52.4% 的女孩，年龄在 5-11 岁，83. 2% 的母亲）在基线（T1）和 7 至 8 个月的随访（T2）提供自我报告。客观测量体重和身高。执行清单路径分析，控制中介和因变量的基线水平。结果在培养和使能模型中发现了相似数量的显着简单间接效应。在这些模型中，间接影响遵循相似的模式：（a）儿童的个体内部间接影响；(b) 跨个体的间接影响，自变量在儿童中测量，中介/因变量在父母中测量（例如，儿童自我效能预测父母支持的提供，间接地，父母 MVPA）；(c) 跨个体的间接影响，考虑到在儿童中测量的自我效能感和 MVPA，结合父母的社会支持报告。结论 研究结果为亲子二人组中 MVPA 的培养和赋能模型提供了支持。