Background. The aim is to examine whether biomarkers of the immune-inflammatory response (IRS) and endogenous opioid (EOS) systems are associated with affective symptoms in schizophrenia.

Methods. We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients and 43 healthy controls and assessed the Hamilton Depression (HDRS) and Anxiety (HAM-A) rating Scale scores as well as serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, eotaxin (CCL11), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and mu (MOR) and kappa (KOR) opioid receptors.

Results. The HDRS and HAM-A scores are significantly and positively correlated with a) psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative symptoms, psychomotor retardation, and formal thought disorders; and b) lowered scores on semantic and episodic memory, executive functions, and attention tests as measured with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Psychiatry. Both HDRS and HAM-A are significantly increased in non-responders to treatment as compared with partial responders. Both affective scores are strongly associated with a latent vector extracted from all symptoms, reflecting overall severity of schizophrenia symptoms (OSOS), and neurocognitive test scores, reflecting a generalized cognitive decline (G-CoDe). The HDRS score was strongly and positively associated with IL-6, HMGB1, KOR, and MOR levels, and the HAM-A score with IL-6, IL-10, CCL11, HMGB1, KOR, and MOR levels. A single latent trait may be extracted from OSOS, G-CoDe, and the HDRS and HAMA scores, and this latent vector score is strongly predicted by HMGB1, MOR, and DKK1.

Conclusion. Immune-inflammatory and EOS pathways contribute to the phenome of schizophrenia, which comprises OSOS, affective, and physiosomatic symptoms, and G-CoDe.

背景。目的是检查免疫炎症反应（IRS）和内源性阿片类药物（EOS）系统的生物标志物是否与精神分裂症的情感症状相关。

方法。我们招募了115位精神分裂症患者和43位健康对照者，评估了汉密尔顿抑郁（HDRS）和焦虑（HAM-A）评分量表得分以及血清白介素（IL）-6，IL-10，嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子（CCL11），高迁移组1（HMGB1），Dickkopf相关蛋白1（DKK1）以及mu（MOR）和kappa（KOR）阿片受体。

结果。HDRS和HAM-A得分与a）精神病，敌意，兴奋，举止，消极症状，精神运动迟缓和正式思维障碍呈显着正相关；b）降低了语义和情景记忆，执行功能和注意力测验的分数，这是根据《精神病学认知简短评估》测得的。与部分反应者相比，对治疗无反应的HDRS和HAM-A均显着增加。两种情感评分都与从所有症状中提取出来的潜在载体密切相关，反映了精神分裂症症状（OSOS）的总体严重程度，而神经认知测试评分则反映了普遍的认知能力下降（G-CoDe）。HDRS得分与IL-6，HMGB1，KOR和MOR水平呈正相关，而HAM-A得分与IL-6，IL-10，CCL11，HMGB1，KOR和MOR水平。可以从OSOS，G-CoDe以及HDRS和HAMA分数中提取单个潜在性状，并且HMGB1，MOR和DKK1强烈预测了此潜在性载体分数。

结论。免疫炎性途径和EOS途径有助于精神分裂症的现象，包括精神分裂症，情感和生理症状以及G-CoDe。