This paper explores how robots that are not designed for being social can still act and be perceived as social and what form this social interaction takes. It does so through a case study of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) at a Norwegian hospital that interact with patients, nurses, caregivers and other machinery. These robots are primarily tasked with moving goods such as medical equipment, food and garbage and are programmed to be automated, e.g., taking hospital elevators by themselves. Although the robots are unanthropomorphized, our research shows a strong perception of autonomy of the AGVs, specifically in relation to how voices and appearances of robots can make the robots more acceptable through appearing more “alive.” They take part in an intricate domestication process as non-human actors relating to the human actors that also frequent the hospital corridors, making them part of the digitalization infrastructure at the hospital. This is particularly tied to their usage of the local Norwegian dialect and a projection of clumsiness, which gives them a sense of personality, or an impression of being friendly animal-like creatures one can enjoy observing without interacting with. This is framed theoretically through three dimensions of understanding the domestication of social robots as healthcare technology. The first dimension is Practical Domestication, where using voice as a "human factor" in unanthropomorphized robots can be of great value, if done well, by making them more approachable. A non-standardized voice can be an effective tool to give the robot a sense of personality. The second dimension is Symbolical Domestication, seeing how unanthropomorphized robots present novel ways of achieving trust from the public. When people get to know the non-perfect robot in itself, not masked as a person or animal, there is interest and trust in the machine. The last dimension is Cognitive Domestication, seeing how human practices change through the interaction with technology. Additionally, we suggest that there is a fourth dimension, which we term Social Domestication, at work.

本文探讨了不是为社交而设计的机器人如何仍然可以发挥作用并被视为社交，以及这种社交互动采取什么形式。它是通过在一家挪威医院中与患者，护士，护理人员和其他机器进行交互的自动引导车（AGV）进行案例研究来实现的。这些机器人主要负责搬运诸如医疗设备，食物和垃圾之类的货物，并且被编程为自动化的，例如，自己带医院的电梯。尽管机器人没有拟人化，但我们的研究显示出对AGV自主性的强烈理解，特别是关于机器人的声音和外观如何通过出现“更活跃”而使机器人更容易被接受的方面。“他们作为非人类参与者参与到复杂的驯化过程中，这些非人类参与者与经常在医院走廊中走访的人类参与者有关，使他们成为医院数字化基础设施的一部分。这尤其与他们对挪威当地方言的使用和笨拙的投射有关，这给了他们一种个性感，或者给人一种像动物一样友好的生物的印象，人们可以在不与之互动的情况下欣赏它们。从理论上讲，这是通过三个方面来理解社交机器人作为医疗保健技术的驯化的。第一维是 这给了他们一种个性感，或者给人一种像动物一样友善的印象，人们可以在不与他人互动的情况下享受观察。从理论上讲，这是通过三个方面来理解社交机器人作为医疗保健技术的驯化的。第一维是 这给了他们一种个性感，或者给人一种像动物一样友善的印象，人们可以在不与他人互动的情况下享受观察。从理论上讲，这是通过三个方面来理解社交机器人作为医疗保健技术的驯化的。第一维是实用驯化，在非拟人化的机器人中将语音用作“人为因素”，如果做得好，可以使它们更易于接近，因此具有很大的价值。非标准化的声音可能是使机器人具有个性感的有效工具。第二个维度是“象征性驯化”，了解非拟人化的机器人如何呈现新颖的方式来获得公众的信任。当人们了解不完美的机器人本身，而不是被掩盖为人或动物时，就会对机器产生兴趣和信任。最后一个维度是“认知驯化”，了解人类行为如何通过与技术的互动而发生变化。此外，我们建议还有第四个维度，我们称其为“社会驯化”， 在工作。