Histological grading systems remain cornerstones in the prognosis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs), but the distinct biological behaviour of each tumour often necessitates the use of complementary markers. Although a plethora of immunohistochemical markers have been proposed as prognostic factors, few are presently applied in routine diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to establish which immunohistochemical markers have verifiable prognostic value for cutaneous MCTs in dogs. A Boolean search of five databases identified 200 articles for screening, of which 73 were selected for full-text assessment and 24 ultimately included in the systematic review. Odds Ratio (OR) was adopted as the summary measure for subsequent meta-analysis but only 15 articles, relating to the immunomarkers Ki-67 (9), KIT (5), and BAX (2), provided either a value for OR or sufficient data to calculate this statistic. Meta-analysis verified that canine cutaneous MCTs with elevated expression of Ki-67 or BAX, as well aberrant immuno-expression of KIT, showed an increased odds of death, with respective OR values of 11.2 (95% CI 6.3-20.0; p < .01), 9.9 (95% CI 1.3-73.6; p = .03), and 4.1 (95% CI 1.1-15.3; p = .03). Despite KIT, Ki67, and BAX arise as suitable prognostic factor for canine MCTs, this study highlighted the lack of important clinical and statistical data in many published articles, rendering it impossible to complete the meta-analysis of several potentially valuable immunohistochemical markers.

中文翻译：

---

免疫组化标志物在犬皮肤肥大细胞瘤中的预后价值：系统评价和荟萃分析

组织学分级系统仍然是犬皮肤肥大细胞瘤 (MCT) 预后的基石，但每个肿瘤的不同生物学行为通常需要使用互补标记。尽管已经提出过多的免疫组织化学标志物作为预后因素，但目前很少用于常规诊断。该系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定哪些免疫组织化学标志物对狗的皮肤 MCT 具有可验证的预后价值。对五个数据库的布尔搜索确定了 200 篇文章进行筛选，其中 73 篇被选中进行全文评估，24 篇最终纳入系统评价。优势比 (OR) 被用作后续荟萃分析的总结指标，但只有 15 篇文章涉及免疫标志物 Ki-67 (9)、KIT (5)、和 BAX (2)，提供了 OR 的值或足够的数据来计算该统计数据。荟萃分析证实，Ki-67 或 BAX 表达升高以及 KIT 免疫表达异常的犬皮肤 MCT 显示死亡几率增加，各自的 OR 值为 11.2（95% CI 6.3-20.0；p  < .01)、9.9 (95% CI 1.3-73.6; p  = .03) 和 4.1 (95% CI 1.1-15.3; p  = .03)。尽管 KIT、Ki67 和 BAX 作为犬 MCT 的合适预后因素出现，但本研究强调了许多已发表文章中缺乏重要的临床和统计数据，因此无法完成对几种潜在有价值的免疫组织化学标志物的荟萃分析。