Marine fouling is a worldwide problem, which is harmful to the global marine ecological environment and economic benefits. The traditional antifouling strategy usually uses toxic antifouling agents, which gradually exposes a serious environmental problem. Therefore, green, long-term, broad-spectrum and eco-friendly antifouling technologies have been the main target of engineers and researchers. In recent years, many eco-friendly antifouling technologies with broad application prospects have been developed based on the low toxicity and non-toxicity antifouling agents and materials. In this review, contemporary eco-friendly antifouling technologies and materials are summarized into bionic antifouling and non-bionic antifouling strategies (2000–2020). Non-bionic antifouling technologies mainly include protein resistant polymers, antifoulant releasing coatings, foul release coatings, conductive antifouling coatings and photodynamic antifouling technology. Bionic antifouling technologies mainly include the simulated shark skin, whale skin, dolphin skin, coral tentacles, lotus leaves and other biology structures. Brief future research directions and challenges are also discussed in the end, and we expect that this review would boost the development of marine antifouling technologies.

海洋污染是一个世界性的问题，它对全球海洋生态环境和经济效益都是有害的。传统的防污策略通常使用有毒的防污剂，逐渐暴露出严重的环境问题。因此，绿色、长效、广谱、环保的防污技术一直是工程师和研究人员的主要目标。近年来，基于低毒无毒的防污剂和材料，开发了许多具有广阔应用前景的环保型防污技术。在这篇综述中，当代环保防污技术和材料被总结为仿生防污和非仿生防污策略（2000-2020）。非仿生防污技术主要包括抗蛋白聚合物、防污涂料、防污涂料、导电防污涂料和光动力防污技术。仿生防污技术主要包括模拟鲨鱼皮、鲸皮、海豚皮、珊瑚触须、荷叶等生物结构。最后还简要讨论了未来的研究方向和挑战，我们希望这篇综述将推动海洋防污技术的发展。