The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of the MOS-SSS in a sample of community-dwelling Spanish older adults. The sample comprised 406 community-dwelling older adults aged between 65 to 99 years old (M_age = 74.88, SD = 6.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, and four possible models were compared: the one-factor, the three-factor, the four-factor and the five-factor model, using an additional analysis with a second-order factor. The internal consistency reliability and convergent validity of the scale were also assessed. For the 19-item MOS-SSS scale, the five-factor model had the best fit to the data. All five subscales of the MOS-SSS showed adequate internal consistency, good convergent and discriminant validity. These findings contribute to the literature on the factor structure of the MOS-SSS in Spanish older adults. The MOS-SSS is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to assess Spanish older adults’ social support perception for social services, health and in research contexts.

本研究的目的是探索社区居住的西班牙老年人样本中 MOS-SSS 的因子结构。样本包括 406 名年龄在 65 至 99 岁之间的社区老年人（M_年龄 = 74.88，标准差 = 6.75）。进行了验证性因素分析 (CFA)，并比较了四种可能的模型：单因素、三因素、四因素和五因素模型，使用带有二阶因素的附加分析。还评估了量表的内部一致性信度和收敛效度。对于 19 项 MOS-SSS 量表，五因素模型最适合数据。MOS-SSS 的所有五个分量表都显示出足够的内部一致性、良好的收敛效度和区分效度。这些发现有助于研究西班牙老年人 MOS-SSS 的因子结构。MOS-SSS 是一个可靠且有效的量表，可用于评估西班牙老年人对社会服务、健康和研究环境的社会支持感知。