ABSTRACT

Agriculture development remains the most significant and integral part of the economic growth of any country with pests, such as plant pathogens, weeds, insects, nematodes and animal, imposing a major threat to the overall productivity. Approximately 25% of the total crop production worldwide is damaged due to these weeds, animal and microbial pest attacks and thus application of agrochemicals to enhance crop productivity has become an integral part of agriculture practices. Beyond their desired activity these chemical pesticides have been associated with side effects that their direct impact on human health, soil and water quality and the residue having immensurable impact on the environment. Due to the severe side effects associated with synthetic pesticides, integrated pest management crop health practices have been developed to use biological products with allelopathic activity as pesticides. Here, we review lichen diversity, allelopathic potential from different lichen species and the lichen metabolites involved in allelopathic interactions. This review also highlights the various modes of actions of lichen metabolites, which include the lichen-plant, lichen-herbivore, lichen-insect and lichen-microbe interactions. Furthermore, a crisp swot on the most promising lichen-derived allelochemical metabolites, their biosynthetic pathways and scope of metabolomics in lichenological research has been discussed.

摘要

农业发展仍然是任何国家经济增长中最重要和不可或缺的组成部分，例如植物病原体、杂草、昆​​虫、线虫和动物，对整体生产力构成重大威胁。由于这些杂草、动物和微生物害虫的侵袭，全世界大约 25% 的作物总产量受到损害，因此使用农用化学品来提高作物生产力已成为农业实践的一个组成部分。除了它们所期望的活性之外，这些化学杀虫剂还伴随着副作用，它们直接影响人类健康、土壤和水质，残留物对环境产生不可估量的影响。由于与合成农药相关的严重副作用，已经制定了综合虫害管理作物健康做法，以使用具有化感作用的生物产品作为杀虫剂。在这里，我们回顾了地衣多样性、来自不同地衣物种的化感潜力以及参与化感相互作用的地衣代谢物。这篇综述还重点介绍了地衣代谢物的各种作用模式，包括地衣-植物、地衣-食草动物、地衣-昆虫和地衣-微生物相互作用。此外，还讨论了最有希望的地衣衍生化感化学代谢物、它们的生物合成途径和地衣学研究中代谢组学的范围。来自不同地衣物种和参与化感相互作用的地衣代谢物的化感潜力。这篇综述还重点介绍了地衣代谢物的各种作用模式，包括地衣-植物、地衣-食草动物、地衣-昆虫和地衣-微生物相互作用。此外，还讨论了最有希望的地衣衍生化感化学代谢物、它们的生物合成途径和地衣学研究中代谢组学的范围。来自不同地衣物种和参与化感相互作用的地衣代谢物的化感潜力。这篇综述还重点介绍了地衣代谢物的各种作用模式，包括地衣-植物、地衣-食草动物、地衣-昆虫和地衣-微生物相互作用。此外，还讨论了最有希望的地衣衍生化感化学代谢物、它们的生物合成途径和地衣学研究中代谢组学的范围。