Meta-dehumanization contributes to a vicious cycle of hostility. This study extends the literature by investigating antecedents and outcomes of meta-dehumanization in the context of Muslim–non-Muslim relations. Specifically, control over terrorism (COT) and threat were tested as predictors of meta-dehumanization among non-Muslim British nationals (N = 313). The results revealed that lower perceptions of COT predicted increased threat, which in turn predicted meta-dehumanization. Meta-dehumanization, consequently, predicted Islamophobia via increased dehumanization of Muslim people. The results were significant while controlling for political orientation and intergroup contact. This research highlights the unsettling cycle of meta-dehumanization and intergroup hostility. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

中文翻译：

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调查伊斯兰恐惧症的前因：感知控制对恐怖主义、威胁、元非人化和非人化的作用

元非人化导致敌意的恶性循环。本研究通过调查穆斯林-非穆斯林关系背景下元非人化的前因和结果来扩展文献。具体而言，对恐怖主义（COT）和威胁的控制被测试为非穆斯林英国国民中元非人化的预测因素（N = 313）。结果表明，对 COT 的较低认知预示着威胁的增加，这反过来又预示了元非人化。因此，元非人化通过增加穆斯林人的非人化来预测伊斯兰恐惧症。在控制政治取向和群体间接触时，结果是显着的。这项研究突出了元非人化和群体间敌意的令人不安的循环。讨论了这项研究的理论和实践意义。请参阅补充材料部分以查找本文的社区和社会影响声明。