Having a supportive family with a non-binary vision of gender differences is a protective factor for transgender and gender-variant (TGV) children and teenagers; however, the parents of TGV children find themselves alone when dealing with doubts and challenges, and this may hamper their capacity to provide support to their children. This study aimed to map/describe the needs of the parents of TGV children in Italy, their relationship with the health care and educational systems, and how they cope with the challenges of the context they live in. We used a qualitative approach based on thematic interviews with respondent validation, involving 13 parents of TGV children and teenagers. Our participants reported difficulties in accessing information, obstacles in finding adequate support from mental health professionals and in interactions with educational professionals, recognizing that these challenges are strongly embedded in the Italian socio-cultural context and its widespread homobitransphobic culture. Nevertheless, they are personally committed to changing this situation through advocacy and affirmative action for their children, engaged in knowledge production on gender variance, and with parent support groups. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

中文翻译：

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当上下文行反对时。意大利跨性别儿童和青少年的代言父母：一项定性研究

拥有一个对性别差异持非二元观点的支持性家庭是跨性别和性别变异 (TGV) 儿童和青少年的保护因素；然而，TGV 儿童的父母在处理疑问和挑战时发现自己是孤独的，这可能会妨碍他们为孩子提供支持的能力。本研究旨在描绘/描述意大利 TGV 儿童父母的需求、他们与医疗保健和教育系统的关系，以及他们如何应对生活环境的挑战。我们使用了基于主题的定性方法受访者验证访谈，涉及 13 位 TGV 儿童和青少年的父母。我们的参与者报告了获取信息的困难，寻求心理健康专业人士的充分支持以及与教育专业人士互动的障碍，认识到这些挑战深深植根于意大利的社会文化背景及其广泛的恐同文化中。尽管如此，他们个人还是致力于通过为他们的孩子进行宣传和平权行动、参与关于性别差异的知识生产以及与父母支持团体合作来改变这种情况。请参阅补充材料部分以查找本文的社区和社会影响声明。他们个人致力于通过为孩子进行宣传和平权行动、参与关于性别差异的知识生产以及与家长支持团体合作来改变这种状况。请参阅补充材料部分以查找本文的社区和社会影响声明。他们个人致力于通过为孩子进行宣传和平权行动、参与关于性别差异的知识生产以及与家长支持团体合作来改变这种状况。请参阅补充材料部分以查找本文的社区和社会影响声明。