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Six-Degree-of-Freedom Analysis of CubeSat Flight Performance in Very Low Earth Orbits
Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.2514/1.a34788
James W. Williams 1 , Michael I. Gray 1 , Zachary R. Putnam 1
Affiliation  

Aerodynamic forces significantly affect spacecraft operating in very low Earth orbits, especially CubeSats with limited control authority. Six-degree-of-freedom analysis is required to assess the impact of aerodynamic forces on attitude and translational motion for missions operating in this flight regime. In this work, the flight performance of a range of CubeSats is compared in the context of a high-altitude atmospheric probe mission based on metrics, including detumble time, total mission lifetime, stabilizing time, and duration of time spent in a stable orientation. Three different attitude determination and control systems are considered: magnetorquers with a partial vehicle state available from magnetometers, magnetorquers with a full vehicle state available, and reaction wheels with a full vehicle state available. Flight performance is assessed over multiple mission parameters of interest, including the total available control authority, the initial apoapsis, the duty cycle, and the ability to accommodate quiescent periods for science data collection. Results indicate that a vehicle equipped with magnetometers and magnetorquers using a Bcross detumble algorithm throughout the mission provides limited performance and may not be acceptable for some missions, although performance improves as the orbit decays and atmospheric density increases. Further, although reaction wheels are capable of providing asymptotic stability around the desired vehicle attitude, magnetorquers are able to provide similar performance, provided a full vehicle state is available onboard.



中文翻译:

极低地球轨道上的CubeSat飞行性能的六自由度分析

空气动力极大地影响了在极低地球轨道上运行的航天器,特别是控制权限有限的立方体卫星。需要六自由度分析,以评估在这种飞行状态下执行飞行任务的空气动力对姿态和平移运动的影响。在这项工作中,根据高空大气探测任务,比较了一系列CubeSat的飞行性能,这些指标包括降落时间,总任务寿命,稳定时间和在稳定方向上花费的时间。考虑了三种不同的姿态确定和控制系统:可从磁力计获得的具有部分车辆状态的磁矩器,具有完整的车辆状态的磁矩器以及具有完整的车辆状态的反作用轮。飞行性能是根据感兴趣的多个任务参数进行评估的,包括总的可用控制权,初始顶点,工作周期以及适应静态周期以收集科学数据的能力。结果表明,在整个飞行任务中装有配备Bcross降落算法的磁力计和磁矩的车辆,性能有限,对于某些任务来说可能是不可接受的,尽管性能会随着轨道的衰减和大气密度的增加而提高。此外,尽管反作用轮能够在期望的车辆姿态附近提供渐近稳定性,但只要车上有完整的车辆状态,电磁转矩就能够提供类似的性能。最初的顶点,工作周期以及适应静态周期以收集科学数据的能力。结果表明,在整个飞行任务中装有配备Bcross降落算法的磁力计和磁矩的车辆,性能有限,对于某些任务来说可能是不可接受的,尽管性能会随着轨道的衰减和大气密度的增加而提高。此外,尽管反作用轮能够在期望的车辆姿态附近提供渐近稳定性,但只要车上有完整的车辆状态,电磁转矩就能够提供类似的性能。最初的顶点,工作周期以及适应静态周期以收集科学数据的能力。结果表明,在整个飞行任务中装有配备Bcross降落算法的磁力计和磁矩的车辆,性能有限,对于某些任务来说可能是不可接受的,尽管性能会随着轨道的衰减和大气密度的增加而提高。此外,尽管反作用轮能够在期望的车辆姿态附近提供渐近稳定性,但只要车上有完整的车辆状态,电磁转矩就能够提供类似的性能。结果表明,在整个飞行任务中装有配备Bcross降落算法的磁力计和磁矩的车辆,性能有限,对于某些任务来说可能是不可接受的,尽管性能会随着轨道的衰减和大气密度的增加而提高。此外,尽管反作用轮能够在期望的车辆姿态附近提供渐近稳定性,但只要车上有完整的车辆状态,电磁转矩就能够提供类似的性能。结果表明,在整个飞行任务中装有配备Bcross降落算法的磁力计和磁矩的车辆,性能有限,对于某些任务来说可能是不可接受的,尽管性能会随着轨道的衰减和大气密度的增加而提高。此外,尽管反作用轮能够在期望的车辆姿态附近提供渐近稳定性,但只要车上有完整的车辆状态,电磁转矩就能够提供类似的性能。

更新日期:2021-03-26
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