An accurate assessment of feline behaviour is essential in reducing the risk of handler injury and evaluating/improving feline welfare within veterinary practices. However, inexperience and/or suboptimal education in feline behaviour may cause many veterinary professionals to be ill equipped for this. In addition, busy veterinary professionals may not have time to thoroughly search the literature to remediate this deficiency. Upon searching the literature, terms such as aggression and stress predominate, but these do not completely represent the rich mental lives that cats are now understood to have. Emotions have recently emerged as an alternative approach to animal behaviour/welfare assessment. However, few resources describe how to identify them, and positive emotions are particularly neglected. In addition, no simple, broad, and concise guide to feline emotions currently exists within the research literature. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a straightforward and clear reference guide to feline emotions (ethogram) to aid veterinary professionals in interpreting feline behaviour in practice and for use in veterinary education. Five primary emotions were identified and defined for domestic species (fear, anger/rage, joy/play, contentment and interest). A feline emotions guide (feline emotions ethogram) was created. Three hundred and seventy-two images were captured of feline behaviours indicative of emotional states. Of these, ten of the best quality and most representative images were selected to illustrate the guide (two of each emotional state). The feline emotions guide and its associated images were subsequently validated by two feline behaviour experts. Following slight modifications, the emotions definitions yielded during the feline ethogram design process may be transferable to other domestic species. The feline emotions ethogram/guide itself may be particularly helpful for distinguishing immediate motivations and customising patient care within short- term veterinary contexts. Hence, its use may improve feline welfare and feline handling/interactions. However, the guide will need to be reliability tested/ tested in the field and may require adaptation as the feline emotions’ knowledge base grows. In addition, novices may benefit from exposure to more images of feline emotional state, particularly those involving mixed emotions. Freely available online images and videos may be sourced and used to supplement the accompanying image bank.

中文翻译：

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制定用于识别猫科动物情绪的心电图/指南：实践中猫科动物互动和福利评估的新方法

对猫的行为进行准确的评估对于降低操作人员受伤的风险以及在兽医实践中评估/改善猫的福利至关重要。但是，对猫的行为缺乏经验和/或未达到理想的教育水平可能会导致许多兽医专业人士对此不适应。另外，繁忙的兽医专业人士可能没有时间彻底搜索文献来纠正这种缺陷。在搜索文献时，诸如侵略性和压力之类的术语占主导地位，但是这些并不完全代表现在人们理解猫具有的丰富的心理生活。情绪最近已成为动物行为/福利评估的一种替代方法。但是，很少有资源描述如何识别它们，而积极情绪尤其被忽略。另外，没有简单，广泛，研究文献中目前存在有关猫科动物情感的简明指南。因此，本研究旨在为猫的情感（人文图）开发一个简单明了的参考指南，以帮助兽医专业人士在实践中和在兽医教育中解释猫的行为。确定并定义了五个针对家庭物种的主要情感（恐惧，愤怒/愤怒，喜悦/嬉戏，知足和兴趣）。创建了猫科动物情绪指南（猫科动物情绪表）。拍摄了372张图像，显示猫的行为表明了情绪状态。其中，选择了十个质量最好，最具代表性的图像来说明指南（每个情感状态两个）。随后由两名猫科动物行为专家对猫科动物情绪指南及其相关图像进行了验证。经过轻微的修改，在猫的心电图设计过程中产生的情绪定义可能会转移到其他家养物种。猫科动物情感表/指南本身对于在短期兽医情况下区分近期动机和定制患者护理尤其有用。因此，其使用可以改善猫的福利和猫的处理/相互作用。然而，该指南将需要在现场进行可靠性测试/测试，并且可能需要随着猫的情感知识库的增长而进行调整。此外，新手可能会从更多的猫科动物情绪状态图像中受益，尤其是那些涉及混合情绪的图像。可以获取免费的在线图像和视频，并将其用于补充随附的图像库。猫的心电图设计过程中产生的情绪定义可能会转移到其他家养物种。猫科动物情感表/指南本身对于在短期兽医情况下区分近期动机和定制患者护理尤其有用。因此，其使用可以改善猫的福利和猫的处理/相互作用。然而，该指南将需要在现场进行可靠性测试/测试，并且可能需要随着猫的情感知识库的增长而进行调整。此外，新手可能会从更多的猫科动物情绪状态图像中受益，尤其是那些涉及混合情绪的图像。可以获取免费的在线图像和视频，并将其用于补充随附的图像库。猫的心电图设计过程中产生的情绪定义可能会转移到其他家养物种。猫科动物情感表/指南本身对于在短期兽医情况下区分近期动机和定制患者护理尤其有用。因此，其使用可以改善猫的福利和猫的处理/相互作用。然而，该指南将需要在现场进行可靠性测试/测试，并且可能需要随着猫的情感知识库的增长而进行调整。此外，新手可能会从更多的猫科动物情绪状态图像中受益，尤其是那些涉及混合情绪的图像。可以获取免费的在线图像和视频，并将其用于补充随附的图像库。