This paper presents the performance analysis of a 2.4 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system installed in August 2018 at the Institute University of Technology (IUT) in Mulhouse, France. The analysis covers the results obtained from system monitoring from August 2018 to May 2020. Various performance parameters in accordance with the International Energy Agency IEC 61724 standard were calculated from the measured results, including the PV energy output and yield factor (YF), capacity utilization factor (CUF) and the avoided CO₂ emissions. Then, the 2.4 kWp PV grid connected system is simulated using three widely used PV simulation software (PVGIS, PV Watts, and HOMER). The results obtained in terms of YF and CUF were compared with the results of PV systems installed on different continents (Europe, Asia and, Africa). The energy produced is estimated at 968.43 kWh, 3246.47 kWh and 1382.75 kWh for the 2018, 2019 and 2020 operating periods, respectively. For the year 2019, the PV system produces a YF of 3.75 kWh/kWp and a CUF of 15.65%. The total energy over the lifetime of the system and the amount of CO₂ emissions avoided are 5597.65 kWh and 4.17 tons, respectively. Finally, the simulation results obtained by the three software are compared to the actual performance of the system. Regarding the measured values, the results of PV Watts and HOMER are close and both give underestimated values with an annual YF average of 1250.33–1250.83 kWh/kWp and a CUF of 14.36–14.27%, respectively. However, the results predicted by the PVGIS software are overestimated compared to the measured performance.

本文介绍了2018年8月在法国米卢斯理工大学（IUT）安装的2.4 kWp并网光伏（PV）系统的性能分析。该分析涵盖了从2018年8月到2020年5月的系统监视获得的结果。根据国际能源署IEC 61724标准，从测量结果中计算出各种性能参数，包括PV能量输出和产量因子（YF），容量利用率因子（CUF）和避免的CO ₂排放。然后，使用三个广泛使用的光伏仿真软件（PVGIS，PV Watts和HOMER）对2.4 kWp光伏并网系统进行仿真。将以YF和CUF表示的结果与安装在不同大洲（欧洲，亚洲和非洲）的光伏系统的结果进行了比较。在2018年，2019年和2020年的运营期间，估计产生的能量分别为968.43 kWh，3244.67 kWh和1382.75 kWh。对于2019年，光伏系统产生的YF为3.75 kWh / kWp，CUF为15.65％。系统整个生命周期中的总能量和CO ₂的量避免的排放量分别为5597.65 kWh和4.17吨。最后，将这三个软件获得的仿真结果与系统的实际性能进行比较。关于测量值，PV Watts和HOMER的结果很接近，并且都给出了低估的值，它们的年YF平均值分别为1250.33–1250.83 kWh / kWp和CUF为14.36–14.27％。但是，与测量的性能相比，PVGIS软件预测的结果被高估了。