ABSTRACT

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a hardy crop packed with nutritional and medicinal benefits. Exploitation of wild pomegranate germplasm is necessary to meet the modern-breeding objectives of superior quality, high yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic diversity and genetic relatedness among 61 cultivars of six countries and 35 wild accessions of Himalaya (India) were assessed using 60 SSR markers. Seventeen polymorphic markers produced 55 polymorphic alleles with an average of 3.24 alleles per locus, 1.69 effective alleles, moderate polymorphic information content (0.33) and moderate gene diversity (0.37). Low-to-moderate genetic differentiation was observed among the accessions from different countries with F_ST values ranging from 0.015 to 0.140. Himalyan wild accessions exhibited modest genetic differentiation of 0.152 from rest of the cultivars. Phenetic analysis based on genetic distance, clustered 97 genotypes into two major clusters of Himalayan wild accessions and cultivars, with no clear distinction between countries. Congruently, population STRUCTURE analysis revealed the presence of two sub-populations, one of Himalayan wild type and the other of cultivated type (Central Asian). Genetically distant Himalayan wild accessions with high gene diversity can be exploited in breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses using modern breeding tools.

摘要

石榴 ( Punica granatum L. ) 是一种耐寒作物，富含营养和药用价值。开发野生石榴种质对于满足优质、高产和对生物和非生物胁迫具有抗性的现代育种目标是必要的。使用 60 个 SSR 标记评估了 6 个国家的 61 个栽培品种和喜马拉雅山（印度）的 35 个野生种质之间的遗传多样性和遗传相关性。17 个多态性标记产生了 55 个多态性等位基因，每个位点平均 3.24 个等位基因，1.69 个有效等位基因，中等多态信息含量 (0.33) 和中等基因多样性 (0.37)。F _ST不同国家的种质中观察到低到中度的遗传分化值范围从 0.015 到 0.140。喜马拉雅野生种质与其他品种的遗传差异为 0.152。基于遗传距离的表型分析，将 97 个基因型分为喜马拉雅野生种质和栽培品种两大类，国家之间没有明显区别。一致地，种群结构分析揭示了两个亚种群的存在，一个是喜马拉雅野生型，另一个是栽培型（中亚）。可以利用现代育种工具，利用遗传距离远、基因多样性高的喜马拉雅野生种质进行育种，以抵抗生物和非生物胁迫。