The purpose of the present study was to assess the acute effects of pre-sleep consumption of isocaloric casein protein (CP), CP and whey protein (BLEND), or non-caloric control (CTRL) at a dose relative to lean body mass (LBM) on recovery following an evening lower-body resistance exercise (RE) bout. Fifteen active and previously resistance-trained males (age: 21 ± 1 y, body fat: 14.2 ± 2.7%) participated in this randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Participants performed an evening lower-body RE bout and were provided with 0.4 g/kg/LBM of whey protein (WP) supplement post-RE. A single dose of 0.6 g/kg/LBM of CP, 0.4 g/kg/LBM of CP and 0.2 g/kg/LBM WP (BLEND), or CTRL was consumed 30 min prior to sleep. Measurements of perceived recovery (visual analogue scales (VAS) for recovery, soreness, and fatigue), appetite (VAS for hunger, satiety, and desire to eat), as well as pressure–pain threshold (dolorimeter), average power, and peak torque (isokinetic dynamometry) of the right thigh muscles were assessed the following morning. Main effects of time were seen for all recovery variables (perceived recovery: F_2,28 = 96.753, p < 0.001, h_p² = 0.874; perceived fatigue: F_2,28 = 76.775, p < 0.001; h_p² = 0.846; perceived soreness: F_2,28 = 111.967, p < 0.001; h_p² = 0.889). A main effect of supplement was only seen for perceived recovery (F_2,28 = 4.869; p = 0.015; h_p² = 0.258), with recovery being 6.10 ± 2.58 mm greater in CP vs. BLEND (p = 0.033) and 7.51 ± 2.28 mm greater in CP than CTRL (p = 0.005). No main effects of supplement were seen in measures of perceived soreness, or fatigue (F_2,28 ≤ 2.291; p > 0.120; h_p² ≤ 0.141). No differences between supplements were found in perceived next-morning hunger (p = 0.06), satiety (p ≥ 0.227), or desire to eat (p = 0.528). Main effects of supplement were seen between BLEND and CP vs. CTRL for measures of pain–pressure threshold at the rectus femoris (F_2,28 = 9.377; p = 0.001; h_p² = 0.401), the vastus lateralis (F_2,28 = 10.887; p < 0.001; h_p² = 0.437), and the vastus medialis (F_2,28 = 12.113, p < 0.001; h_p² = 0.464). Values of peak torque and average power were similar between all supplement groups at 60°/sec (F_1.309,18.327 ≤ 1.994; p ≥ 0.173; h_p² ≤ 0.125), 180°/s (F_2,28 ≤ 1.221; p ≥ 0.310; h_p² ≤ 0.080), and 300°/sec (F_2,28 ≤ 2.854; p ≥ 0.074; h_p² ≤ 0.169). Pre-sleep consumption of CP and BLEND at a dose relative to LBM may enhance perceived overnight recovery to a greater extent than CTRL as a result of less muscle soreness the following morning after an acute evening RE bout.

中文翻译：

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睡眠前蛋白质相对剂量对活跃青年男性夜间抵抗运动后恢复的急性影响

本研究的目的是评估相对于瘦体重的剂量，睡眠前摄入等热量酪蛋白（CP），CP和乳清蛋白（BLEND）或非热量控制（CTRL）的急性影响（夜间下半身抵抗运动（RE）发作后恢复。这项随机，单盲，交叉研究共纳入了15名活跃且先前接受过抵抗训练的男性（年龄：21±1岁，身体脂肪：14.2±2.7％）。参与者在晚上进行了下半身的RE搏动，并在RE后获得了0.4 g / kg / LBM的乳清蛋白（WP）补充剂。睡眠前30分钟服用0.6 g / kg / LBM CP，0.4 g / kg / LBM CP和0.2 g / kg / LBM WP（BLEND）或CTRL的单剂量。感知恢复的量度（视觉模拟量表（VAS），用于恢复，酸痛和疲劳），食欲的量度（VAS用于饥饿，饱腹感，次日早晨评估右大腿肌肉的压力和进食欲望，以及压力-疼痛阈值（硬度计），平均功率和峰值扭矩（等速测功）。对于所有恢复变量，都可以看到时间的主要影响（感知到的恢复：F_{2,2 8} = 96.753，p < 0.001，h _p ² = 0.874; 感觉疲劳：F _2,28 = 76.775，p < 0.001; h _p ² = 0.846；感觉酸痛：F _{2,2 8} = 111.967，p < 0.001; h _p ² = 0.889）。补充剂的主要作用仅在于感觉到的恢复（F _{2,2 8} = 4.869；p = 0.015； h _p ² = 0.258），CP相对于BLEND的恢复高6.10±2.58 mm（p = CP比CTRL大0.033）和7.51±2.28 mm（p = 0.005）。补充的无主效应主要出现在感知疼痛，或疲劳的措施（F _{2,2- 8} ≤2.291; p > 0.120; H _p ² ≤0.141）。在感知到未来早晨饥饿（发现补充剂之间无显着差异p = 0.06），饱腹感（p ≥ 0.227），或进食欲望（p = 0.528）。在BLEND和CP vs. CTRL之间观察到补充剂的主要作用，用于测量股直肌的疼痛压力阈值（F _{2,2 8} = 9.377；p = 0.001； h_p ² = 0.401），股外侧肌（F _{2,2- 8} = 10.887; p < 0.001; H _p ² = 0.437），和股内侧（F _{2,2- 8} = 12.113，p < 0.001; H _p ² = 0.464）。峰值扭矩和平均功率的值均补充组之间类似，在60°/秒（F _{1.309,18.32 7} ≤1.994; p ≥ 0.173; H _p ² ≤0.125），180°/秒（F _{2,2- 8} ≤1.221 ; p ≥ 0.310; H _p ² ≤0.080），和300℃/秒（F_{2,2- 8} ≤2.854; p ≥ 0.074; ħ _p ² ≤0.169）。睡眠前消耗CP和BLEND的剂量相对于LBM可能比CTRL更大程度地增强了觉察到的夜间恢复能力，这是由于急性RE发作后第二天早晨的肌肉酸痛程度降低了。