Technological advances in the field of life sciences have led to discovery of organisms that live in harsh environmental conditions referred to as extremophiles. These organisms have adapted themselves to thrive in extreme habitat giving these organisms an advantage over conventional mesophilic organisms in various industrial applications. Extremozymes produced by these extremophiles have high tolerance to inhospitable environmental conditions making them an ideal enzyme system for various industrial processes. A notable application of these extremophiles and extremozymes is their use in the degradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass and application in biorefineries. For maximum utilization of the trapped carbon source from this obstinate biomass, pretreatment is a necessary step that requires various physiochemical and enzymatic treatments. From search for novel extremophiles and extremozymes to development of various genetic and protein engineering techniques, investigation on extremozymes with enhanced stability and efficiency is been done. Since extremozymes are easily calibrated to work under such conditions, they have become an emerging topic in the research field of biofuel production. The review discusses the various extremozymes that play an important role in lignocellulose degradation along with recent studies on their molecular and genetic evolution for industrial application and production of biofuels and various value-added products.

生命科学领域的技术进步导致人们发现了生活在恶劣环境下（称为极端微生物）的生物。这些生物已经适应了在极端栖息地的繁衍生息，使这些生物在各种工业应用中比常规的嗜温生物更具优势。这些极端微生物产生的极端酶对恶劣的环境条件具有很高的耐受性，使其成为各种工业过程的理想酶系统。这些极端微生物和极端酶的显着应用是它们在难降解的木质纤维素生物质降解中的应用以及在生物精炼厂中的应用。为了最大程度地利用这种顽固的生物质捕获的碳源，预处理是需要进行各种物理化学和酶处理的必要步骤。从寻找新的极端微生物和极端酶到发展各种遗传和蛋白质工程技术，已经进行了具有增强的稳定性和效率的极端酶的研究。由于极端酶易于校准以在这种条件下工作，因此它们已成为生物燃料生产研究领域中的新兴课题。这篇综述讨论了在木质纤维素降解中起重要作用的各种极端酶，以及有关其分子和遗传进化的最新研究，以用于工业应用和生物燃料及各种增值产品的生产。进行了具有增强的稳定性和效率的极端酶的研究。由于极端酶易于校准以在这种条件下工作，因此它们已成为生物燃料生产研究领域中的新兴课题。这篇综述讨论了在木质纤维素降解中起重要作用的各种极端酶，以及有关其分子和遗传进化的最新研究，以用于工业应用和生物燃料及各种增值产品的生产。进行了具有增强的稳定性和效率的极端酶的研究。由于极端酶易于校准以在这种条件下工作，因此它们已成为生物燃料生产研究领域中的新兴课题。这篇综述讨论了在木质纤维素降解中起重要作用的各种极端酶，以及有关其分子和遗传进化的最新研究，以用于工业应用和生物燃料及各种增值产品的生产。