Glycine is a well-known free radical scavenger in the cellular antioxidant system that prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis. Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with multiple types of cellular damage in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of glycine on sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and the possible underlying mechanisms in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line model. Cellular viability and proliferation were examined following NaF exposure and glycine supplementation, and glycine dramatically ameliorated the decreases in NaF-induced porcine testicular Sertoli cell viability and proliferation. Further investigations revealed that glycine decreased NaF-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, DNA fragment accumulation and the apoptosis incidence in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line; in addition, glycine improved mitochondrial function and ATP production. Notably, results of the SPiDER-β-Gal analysis suggested that glycine alleviated NaF-induced cellular senescence and downregulated P53, P21, HMGA2 and P16INK4a gene expression in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Collectively, the beneficial effects of glycine alleviate NaF-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence, and together with our previous findings, support the hypothesis that glycine plays an important role in protecting against NaF exposure-induced impairments in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line.

中文翻译：

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甘氨酸减轻氟诱导的猪睾丸支持细胞系的氧化应激、细胞凋亡和衰老

甘氨酸是细胞抗氧化系统中众所周知的自由基清除剂，可防止氧化损伤和细胞凋亡。过量的氟化物暴露与人类和动物的多种类型的细胞损伤有关。本研究的目的是研究甘氨酸对氟化钠 (NaF) 暴露的保护作用以及猪睾丸支持细胞系模型中可能的潜在机制。在 NaF 暴露和甘氨酸补充后检查细胞活力和增殖，甘氨酸显着改善了 NaF 诱导的猪睾丸支持细胞活力和增殖的降低。进一步的研究表明，甘氨酸减少了 NaF 诱导的细胞内活性氧的产生，DNA片段在猪睾丸支持细胞系中的积累和凋亡发生率；此外，甘氨酸改善了线粒体功能和 ATP 产生。值得注意的是，SPIDER-β-Gal 分析的结果表明甘氨酸减轻了 NaF 诱导的细胞衰老并下调P53、P21、HMGA2和P16INK4a基因在猪睾丸支持细胞系中的表达。总的来说，甘氨酸的有益作用减轻了 NaF 诱导的氧化应激、细胞凋亡和衰老，并且与我们之前的发现一起，支持甘氨酸在防止猪睾丸支持细胞系中 NaF 暴露诱导的损伤方面发挥重要作用的假设。