Beginning in the 1890s, workers’ associations and social-democratic activists in Sweden developed a series of People’s Parks (Folkets parker) that extended across the length and breadth of the country. By the the mid-twentieth century, nearly every city, town, and village boasted its own People’s Park. Built for relaxation and recreation, as well as for political agitation, Folkets parker also represented a significant expropriation and transformation of bourgeois landscape ideals and in the process became places where a new, working class-based folk, or people, could come to be. This paper traces the production of Folkets parker as landscape, focusing on the ways in which working people reworked landscape ideals in order to contest bourgeois constructions of Swedish national identity, while asserting their own power to shape that identity. We argue that working people traded in, and transformed, two landscape ideas – one rooted in bourgeois notions of the rural idyll and the other rooted in an older more specifically Scandinavian tradition of landscape as a shaped space belonging to those who shaped it. But we also show how, as the social-democratic state consolidated its hegemony in the middle-twentieth century, the underlying material basis for shaping the parks as landscape was transformed. Folkets parker became places primarily for recreation and entertainment and their status as shaped spaces that shaped identity faded.

在19世纪90年代开始，工人协会和社会民主人士在瑞典开发出了一系列人民公园（Folkets p arker），其延伸遍布全国的长度和广度。到20世纪中叶，几乎每个城市，城镇和乡村都拥有自己的人民公园。专为放松和娱乐，以及政治鼓动，Folkets p arker也代表了资产阶级景观理想的显著征用和改造，并在这个过程中成为地方新的工作基于类的民俗，还是人，能来是。本文追溯生产Folkets p arker作为景观，着眼于劳动者如何重塑景观理想，以对抗资产阶级对瑞典民族身份的建构，同时维护自己塑造该身份的力量。我们争辩说，劳动者交换并改变了两种景观观念–一种起源于资产阶级对农村田园诗的观念，另一种起源于斯堪的纳维亚的更古老的传统景观，即形成景观的空间。但是，我们还展示了，随着社会民主国家在20世纪中叶巩固其霸权地位，如何随着景观的改变而塑造公园的潜在物质基础。Folkets p arker成为地方主要 娱乐和娱乐的地位，以及塑造身份的褪色空间的地位。