Deciphering how environmental heterogeneity affects population dynamics in migratory species is complicated by the redistribution of individuals in time and space across the annual cycle. Approaches that tackle this problem require information about how migratory species respond to ecological factors across time and space, and how they are linked across migratory periods. Using high spatial resolution (10 m) GPS tracking of individual male songbirds, we quantified for the first time (1) local‐ and landscape‐scale habitat selection across the annual cycle and (2) patterns indicative of regional habitat selection for individuals within five populations of wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) throughout their breeding range. Wood thrush exhibited seasonal variation in local‐ and landscape‐scale habitat selection. Within stationary periods, wood thrush occupied forested habitats and proximity to forest edge was an important predictor of habitat selection at the local scale. In contrast, during migratory periods wood thrush exhibited greater behavioral flexibility indicative of a more generalist approach to habitat selection. Landscape habitat selection was only identified during the breeding season (average patch size) and could be a response to the extensive forest fragmentation in the North American breeding grounds. We also identified individual population distribution patterns indicative of regional habitat selection during fall migration and winter period, but not spring migration. Seasonal changes in habitat selection at multiple spatial scales suggest the factors driving habitat selection patterns are aligned with life‐history stage and may be dependent on regional differences in landscape composition. These results highlight the importance of a full annual cycle approach to ecological studies that address how migratory species respond to spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity.

中文翻译：

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使用高分辨率GPS跟踪的新热带候鸟的生境选择的季节性变化

在整个年周期中，个体在时间和空间上的重新分布使对环境异质性如何影响迁徙物种种群动态的理解变得复杂。解决该问题的方法需要有关迁徙物种如何在时间和空间范围内对生态因素作出反应，以及它们如何在迁徙时期之间建立联系的信息。我们使用高空间分辨率（10 m）对单个雄性鸣禽的GPS跟踪，首次量化了（1）整个年度周期内局部和景观尺度的栖息地选择，以及（2）表示五个区域内个体的区域栖息地选择的模式鹅口疮（Hylocichla mustelina）种群）在整个繁殖范围内。鹅口疮在局部和景观尺度的生境选择中表现出季节性变化。在静止时期，鹅口疮占据了森林生境，并且靠近森林边缘是当地尺度上生境选择的重要预测指标。相反，在迁徙期，鹅口疮表现出更大的行为灵活性，表明对栖息地的选择更加通用。仅在繁殖季节（平均斑块​​大小）才确定景观栖息地的选择，这可能是对北美繁殖地广泛森林破碎化的一种反应。我们还确定了个体的人口分布模式，这些模式指示了秋季迁徙和冬季期间而非春季迁徙期间区域栖息地的选择。栖息地选择在多个空间尺度上的季节性变化表明，驱动栖息地选择模式的因素与生活史阶段保持一致，并且可能取决于景观成分的区域差异。这些结果凸显了采用完整的年度循环方法进行生态研究的重要性，该方法应解决迁徙物种如何响应时空环境异质性的问题。