Landscape composition can strongly affect the delivery of ecosystem services in agroecosystems. Conserving uncultivated habitats can support ecosystem services, but in Mediterranean biomes, these lands can also increase the area susceptible to wildfires. In the world‐renowned wine‐producing region of Napa Valley, California, wine grape growers install nest boxes to attract American barn owls (Tyto furcata), which may reduce rodent crop damage. Annual monitoring of 273 nest boxes began in 2015, and devastating wildfires burned approximately 60,000 ha in the region in 2017, including homes and businesses, as well as some vineyards and uncultivated land. The goal of this study was to determine whether changes in nest box occupancy were attributed to wildfires, nest box design, land cover type, or some combination of these variables. Occupancy surveys before and after these wildfires revealed changes in habitat selection at the nest scale. Occupancy increased during the study, reaching its highest point after the fires. Owls were found breeding in recently burned areas that were previously unoccupied and modeling results showed that nest box occupancy had a positive relationship with burned areas, particularly with edges of the fire perimeter. Barn owls also consistently showed a strong preference for taller nest boxes that were surrounded by more grassland than other land cover types and a moderate selection for wooden over plastic boxes. These results illustrate an incentive for the conservation of uncultivated habitat, particularly grassland, in vineyard ecosystems, and they provide an example of a mobile pest predator’s response to wildfire disturbance. In this case, results suggest an agroecosystem service made resilient to wildfire by the owls’ selection of burned and uncultivated habitats.

中文翻译：

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葡萄园农业生态系统中多年的巢箱占用率和对仓对野火骚扰的短期恢复能力

景观组成会严重影响农业生态系统中生态系统服务的提供。保护未耕种的栖息地可以支持生态系统服务，但是在地中海生物群落中，这些土地也可以增加易受野火影响的面积。在举世闻名的加利福尼亚州纳帕谷葡萄酒产区，酿酒葡萄种植者安装了巢箱来吸引美国仓n（Tyto furcata），可以减少对啮齿动物的伤害。2015年开始对273个巢箱进行年度监测，2017年该地区毁灭性的野火烧毁了约60,000公顷，包括房屋和企业，以及一些葡萄园和未耕地。这项研究的目的是确定巢箱占用率的变化是否归因于野火，巢箱设计，土地覆盖类型或这些变量的某种组合。这些野火发生前后的占用率调查显示，巢区规模的栖息地选择发生了变化。在研究期间，居住人数有所增加，在大火后达到最高点。猫头鹰被发现在以前没有人居住的最近燃烧的地方繁殖，并且建模结果表明，巢箱的占用与燃烧的地方呈正相关，特别是与火界的边缘成正比。谷仓猫头鹰也一向对高大的巢箱表现出强烈的偏好，巢箱要比其他土地覆盖类型的草场更多，而木箱而不是塑料箱的选择要适中。这些结果说明了在葡萄园生态系统中保护未耕种的栖息地（尤其是草地）的动机，并且它们提供了一个活动的害虫捕食者对野火干扰的响应的例子。在这种情况下，结果表明，通过猫头鹰选择烧毁和未耕种的栖息地，农业生态系统服务可以抵御野火。尤其是在葡萄园生态系统中的草原，它们提供了一个示例，说明了移动害虫捕食者对野火干扰的反应。在这种情况下，结果表明，通过猫头鹰选择烧毁和未耕种的栖息地，农业生态系统服务可以抵御野火。尤其是在葡萄园生态系统中的草原，它们提供了一个示例，说明了移动害虫捕食者对野火干扰的反应。在这种情况下，结果表明，通过猫头鹰选择烧毁和未耕种的栖息地，农业生态系统服务可以抵御野火。