While abundant evidence for the use of fire has been identified for the Paleolithic period in the Levant, little evidence has come from open-air sites. This scarcity has brought into question the preservation potential of fragile fire remains at this type of site, which is normally exposed to wind deflation and fluvial erosion, and whether or not fire was used at all. A recently discovered site inside a karstic sinkhole at Nesher Ramla, Israel shows promise of filling this knowledge gap. With abundant evidence for well-preserved human activities, including the preservation of combustion features, this Middle Paleolithic site provides a glimpse into the use of fire at open-air sites. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of the spatial distribution of fire residues across the richest unit at Nesher Ramla, Unit V, and to identify possible behaviors associated with the use of fire. The presence of burned bones and ash pseudomorphs across this unit shows that fire activities were indeed prevalent at the site. However, the relatively low concentrations of ash pseudomorphs require an explanation. Two options are discussed: a short-term occupation (hours to a few days) or the partial preservation of the ash pseudomorphs. The presence of these fire remains in nearly every sample, with slightly higher concentrations coming from the eastern part of the unit, suggests more intensive occupation and their reworking across the site, potentially unintentionally by trampling or intentionally by sweeping and depositing the ash in a specified dump area. In addition to supporting previous research suggesting intensive occupation (e.g. via artifact densities) associated with combustion remains at Unit V of Nesher Ramla, the results of this study further shed light on behaviors associated with the treatment of fire remains and partitioned use of space at open-air sites.

虽然在黎凡特的旧石器时代已经发现了大量使用火的证据，但很少有证据来自露天场所。这种稀缺性使人们质疑这类地点易损火灾遗迹的保存潜力，这种地点通常会受到风紧缩和河流侵蚀，以及是否使用过火。最近在以色列 Nesher Ramla 的一个喀斯特天坑内发现的一个地点显示出填补这一知识空白的希望。有大量证据表明人类活动保存完好，包括燃烧特征的保存，这个旧石器时代中期遗址提供了在露天场所使用火的一瞥。本研究旨在更清晰地了解火灾残留物在 Nesher Ramla 最丰富的单元 V 单元的空间分布，并确定与使用火有关的可能行为。该单元存在烧焦的骨头和灰烬假体，表明火灾活动确实在该地点普遍存在。然而，相对低浓度的灰假形体需要解释。讨论了两种选择：短期占用（几小时到几天）或部分保存灰烬假体。这些火灾的存在几乎存在于每个样本中，其中来自单元东部的浓度略高，表明更密集的占用和他们在整个现场的返工，可能是无意中通过践踏或故意将灰烬清扫并沉积在指定的垃圾场。除了支持以前的研究表明密集的职业（例如