Water inrush in coal mines is commonly linked to fault zones. Excavation of the coal seam can lead to new fractures in the associated fault zone. Many water inrush disasters have a time lag, which is closely related to the fault zone’s permeability. In the present study, three kinds of fault analog samples (artificially reproduced samples analogous to the fault material) are prepared according to microscopic characteristics of natural fault samples, and permeability tests are carried out under constant water pressure. By monitoring the pressure change during the permeability test, the seepage process in the fault zone can be divided into three stages: slow growth, rapid growth, and saturation. In addition, a time-dependent equation of porosity and permeability in porous media is introduced in the coefficient partial differential equation module in COMSOL Multiphysics. By fully coupling with the Brinkman flow module, three kinds of numerical models of the fault zone with different initial porosity and permeability are established. The porosity growth rates in the three fault-zone seepage stages are 24, 23, and 2%, respectively. The growth rates of permeability are 122, 110, and 8%, respectively. The growth rates of flow velocity are 211, 185, and 11%, respectively. The growth rate of the fault model with low porosity and low permeability is lower than that of the other two models. By discussing different conceptual models of water inrush from faults, the results indicate that water inrush disasters can be delayed or prevented if the clay content in the fault is high.

煤矿的突水通常与断层带有关。煤层的开挖会在相关的断层带中导致新的裂缝。许多突水灾害都有时滞，这与断层带的渗透性密切相关。在本研究中，根据天然断层样品的微观特征，制备了三种断层类似物样品（与断层材料类似的人工复制样品），并在恒定水压下进行了渗透性测试。通过监测渗透率测试期间的压力变化，可以将断层带的渗流过程分为三个阶段：缓慢增长，快速增长和饱和。此外，在COMSOL Multiphysics中的系数偏微分方程模块中引入了随时间变化的多孔介质中孔隙率和渗透率方程。通过与布林克曼流动模块的完全耦合，建立了具有不同初始孔隙率和渗透率的断层带的三种数值模型。在三个断裂带渗漏阶段的孔隙度增长率分别为24％，23％和2％。渗透率的增长率分别为122、110和8％。流速的增长率分别为211％，185％和11％。低孔隙度，低渗透率断层模型的增长率低于其他两种模型。通过讨论断层涌水的不同概念模型，