Abstract

Objective

The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) has shown utility in inpatient and outpatient settings in older adults who present with mild cognitive impairment and various dementia subtypes. The TOP-J has two versions (i.e. 9 items and 15 items), and was initially validated within a small rural non-Hispanic White sample. In the current study, we re-evaluated the psychometric evidence and refined scoring criteria and administration guidelines in older adults with more diverse demographic characteristics than the original validation sample. Method: Participants (N = 348) were recruited from several boroughs of New York City and surrounding areas (mean/median age = 79; mean years education = 15, median = 15.5; 68% female; 30% Black/African-American, 8% Hispanic). Results: Reliability and validity were comparable to original findings. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, one item was replaced on the 9-item version, now called TOP-J Form A. Normative data for cognitively intact participants (n = 261) were updated and stratified by two education groups. Conclusions: The TOP-J is increasingly used in clinical and research settings in the U.S. and abroad, and the current study provides improved normative data and administration and scoring guidelines for use with demographically diverse older individuals.

摘要

客观的

实践判断测试 (TOP-J) 在患有轻度认知障碍和各种痴呆亚型的老年人的住院和门诊环境中显示出实用性。TOP-J 有两个版本（即 9 个项目和 15 个项目），最初在一个小型农村非西班牙裔白人样本中进行了验证。在当前的研究中，我们重新评估了心理测量证据，并针对人口特征比原始验证样本更加多样化的老年人完善了评分标准和管理指南。方法：参与者 ( N  = 348) 是从纽约市及周边地区的几个行政区招募的（平均/中位年龄 = 79；平均受教育年限 = 15，中位 = 15.5；68% 为女性；30% 为黑人/非裔美国人， 8% 西班牙裔）。结果：信度和效度与原始研究结果相当。基于验证性因素分析，9 项版本中的一项被替换，现在称为 TOP-J 表 A。认知完整参与者 ( n  = 261) 的规范数据由两个教育组更新和分层。结论： TOP-J 在美国和国外的临床和研究环境中越来越多地使用，当前的研究提供了改进的规范数据以及管理和评分指南，用于人口统计多样化的老年人。