In this paper we ask whether we should we re‐examine the future of upland gamebird management and greater federal oversight and partnerships in the twenty‐first century. Management for waterfowl in North America has been successful because of the 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the subsequent 1986 North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP). Although the MBTA included most migratory and non‐migratory species, upland gamebirds, including the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite), were excluded and retained under state control. Although many waterfowl populations have been increasing, bobwhite populations have declined precipitously during much of the period. Excluding non‐migratory gamebirds from the MBTA meant that the multistate coordinating efforts that made the MBTA successful for increasing the management of waterfowl have not been applied. The National Bobwhite Conservation Initiative (NBCI) has made a strong effort to unite states within the bobwhite range but does not have the federal anchoring and financial support that were given to states by the MBTA and NAWMP and currently integrate adaptive harvest, habitat management, and financial partnerships to acquire and manage wetlands that support waterfowl production. The NBCI Coordinated Implementation Program (CIP) is designed to serve the function of developing and monitoring habitat for bobwhites but is entirely voluntary and dependent entirely on state and non‐governmental organization (NGO) funds, lacking federal grants and Federal Duck Stamp funds. To catch up with the successes of waterfowl, we discuss the implications of increasing coordination, partnerships, and funding mechanisms between the federal government, state governments, and NGOs to provide common landscape‐level population monitoring and modeling, adaptive harvest regulations, habitat management goals, and a national upland gamebird stamp. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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为什么有那么多的水禽和很少的北方鲍勃怀特呢？重新思考联邦协调

在本文中，我们问我们是否应该重新审视21世纪高地猎鸟管理的未来以及更大的联邦监督和伙伴关系。由于1918年《迁徙鸟类条约》（MBTA）和随后的1986年《北美水禽管理计划》（NAWMP），北美水禽的管理取得了成功。尽管MBTA包括大多数迁徙和非迁徙物种，但高地猎鸟，包括北鲍勃怀特（Colinus virginianus; bobwhite），被排除并保留在州控制下。尽管许多水禽种群数量一直在增加，但在这段时期的大部分时间内，水牛种群数量急剧下降。从MBTA中排除非迁徙的猎鸟，则意味着尚未应用使MBTA成功提高水禽管理水平的多州协调工作。国家Bobwhite保护倡议（NBCI）做出了巨大的努力，以团结bobwhite范围内的各个州，但没有MBTA和NAWMP向各州提供的联邦锚定和财政支持，并且目前已将适应性收获，栖息地管理和财务合作伙伴关系，以获取和管理支持水禽生产的湿地。NBCI协调实施计划（CIP）旨在发挥开发和监测短毛猫栖息地的功能，但完全是自愿的，完全依赖州和非政府组织（NGO）的资金，缺乏联邦拨款和联邦鸭子邮票的资金。为了赶上水禽的成功，我们讨论了联邦政府，州政府和非政府组织之间加强协调，建立伙伴关系和筹资机制以提供共同的景观级人口监测和建模，适应性采伐规定，栖息地管理目标的意义。 ，以及全国性的高地Gamebird邮票。©2021野生动物协会。缺乏联邦拨款和联邦鸭子邮票基金。为了赶上水禽的成功，我们讨论了联邦政府，州政府和非政府组织之间加强协调，建立伙伴关系和筹资机制以提供共同的景观级人口监测和建模，适应性采伐规定，栖息地管理目标的意义。 ，以及全国性的高地Gamebird邮票。©2021野生动物协会。缺乏联邦拨款和联邦鸭子邮票基金。为了赶上水禽的成功，我们讨论了联邦政府，州政府和非政府组织之间加强协调，建立伙伴关系和筹资机制以提供共同的景观级人口监测和建模，适应性采伐规定，栖息地管理目标的意义。 ，以及全国性的高地Gamebird邮票。©2021野生动物协会。