“Omics” techniques (including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have been employed with huge success in the improvement of agricultural crops. As marine aquaculture of macroalgae expands globally, biologists are working to domesticate species of macroalgae by applying these techniques tested in agriculture to wild macroalgae species. Metabolomics has revealed metabolites and pathways that influence agriculturally relevant traits in crops, allowing for informed crop crossing schemes and genomic improvement strategies that would be pivotal to inform selection on macroalgae for domestication. Advances in metagenomics have improved understanding of host–symbiont interactions and the potential for microbial organisms to improve crop outcomes. There is much room in the field of macroalgal biology for further research toward improvement of macroalgae cultivars in aquaculture using metabolomic and metagenomic analyses. To this end, this review discusses the application and necessary expansion of the omics tool kit for macroalgae domestication as we move to enhance seaweed farming worldwide.

中文翻译：

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将代谢组和宏基因组理解为扩展表型：大型藻类驯化和改良的下一个前沿

“组学”技术（包括基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学和宏基因组学）已在农作物改良中取得了巨大成功。随着大型藻类海水养殖在全球范围内扩展，生物学家正在致力于通过将这些在农业中测试的技术应用于野生大型藻类物种来驯化大型藻类物种。代谢组学揭示了影响作物农业相关性状的代谢物和途径，从而可以制定明智的作物杂交计划和基因组改良策略，这对于选择用于驯化的大型藻类至关重要。宏基因组学的进步提高了对宿主-共生体相互作用以及微生物改善作物产量的潜力的理解。在大型藻类生物学领域，利用代谢组学和宏基因组分析来进一步研究改良水产养殖中的大型藻类品种还有很大的空间。为此，本综述讨论了随着我们在全球范围内加强海藻养殖，组学工具包在大型藻类驯化中的应用和必要的扩展。