ABSTRACT

Thailand is facing a management crisis of both urban and rural household hazardous waste (HHW). The collection and disposal of these wastes threaten both the environment and human health. The objective of the study was to investigate the characterization and quantification of household hazardous waste at source by all local administrations in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand. The quantity of HHW in the household waste stream constitutes 2.53% of total household wastes (about 2.90 t/day). Most HHWs were generated in the local administration level (3.2%) followed by the subdistrict (2.9%) and municipality level (1.2%). The characterization of HHWs included paint products (20.1%), household batteries (17.4%), and unused medicines (14.1%). HHW characterization can be grouped as automobile products from municipalities (38.5%), paint and its containers from the subdistricts (43.08%), and pesticides from the more rural local administrations (24.73%). Albeit the amount of HHW waste found in the household waste stream is relatively small compared to the overall waste stream, it can still cause significant damage to human health and environment. This is because the elements and compounds that comprise hazard wastes are toxic at very low levels. Programs are needed to increase appropriate management of HHW to mitigate human health and environmental contamination risks. Reducing and separating HHW at source can minimize these problems during both normal and pandemic situations.

Implications: The study of household hazardous waste (HHW) characterization and quantification is very importance for HHW management, especially study at source. In this study we found the smallest province in Thailand can produce HHW volume nearly three tons per day. The trend in consumption of household products may be increase. The government should therefore be more focused on HHW at source management in both normal and pandemic situations.

摘要

泰国正面临城乡家庭危险废物 (HHW) 的管理危机。这些废物的收集和处置威胁着环境和人类健康。该研究的目的是调查泰国那空那育省所有地方政府对家庭危险废物源头的表征和量化。家庭废物流中的 HHW 数量占家庭废物总量的 2.53%（约 2.90 吨/天）。大多数 HHW 产生于地方行政级别 (3.2%)，其次是街道 (2.9%) 和市级 (1.2%)。HHW 的特征包括油漆产品 (20.1%)、家用电池 (17.4%) 和未使用的药物 (14.1%)。HHW 特征可以归类为来自市政当局的汽车产品 (38.5%)，来自街道的油漆及其容器（43.08%），以及来自更多农村地方行政部门的农药（24.73%）。尽管与整体废物流相比，家庭废物流中发现的 HHW 废物量相对较少，但它仍然会对人类健康和环境造成重大损害。这是因为构成危险废物的元素和化合物在非常低的水平下是有毒的。需要制定计划来增加对 HHW 的适当管理，以减轻人类健康和环境污染风险。在正常和大流行情况下，从源头减少和分离 HHW 可以最大限度地减少这些问题。尽管与整体废物流相比，家庭废物流中发现的 HHW 废物量相对较少，但它仍然会对人类健康和环境造成重大损害。这是因为构成危险废物的元素和化合物在非常低的水平下是有毒的。需要制定计划来增加对 HHW 的适当管理，以减轻人类健康和环境污染风险。在正常和大流行情况下，从源头减少和分离 HHW 可以最大限度地减少这些问题。尽管与整体废物流相比，家庭废物流中发现的 HHW 废物量相对较少，但它仍然会对人类健康和环境造成重大损害。这是因为构成危险废物的元素和化合物在非常低的水平下是有毒的。需要制定计划来增加对 HHW 的适当管理，以减轻人类健康和环境污染风险。在正常和大流行情况下，从源头减少和分离 HHW 可以最大限度地减少这些问题。

启示: 家庭危险废物 (HHW) 表征和量化的研究对于 HHW 管理非常重要，尤其是源头研究。在这项研究中，我们发现泰国最小的省份每天可以生产近 3 吨的 HHW。家居用品的消费趋势可能会增加。因此，无论是在正常情况还是大流行情况下，政府都应该更加关注 HHW 的源头管理。