ABSTRACT

According to the life stress model, stressful circumstances occur in the context of social, psychological, and environmental features that can function as either resources or aggravating factors, each of which are associated with well-being. This research was designed to test indirect effects of living in disadvantaged neighborhoods on mental health, through reduced social support and increased negative emotionality. This model was tested with data from a national sample of 1050 adults residing in the United States. Participants completed measures of social support, negative emotionality, depression, loneliness, stress, and alcohol consumption. These scores were merged with data from the 2015 American Community Survey to assess indicators of neighborhood disadvantage at the zip code level. The test of a parallel mediation model with structural equation modeling indicated that neighborhood disadvantage did not have direct effects on either psychological distress or alcohol consumption. However, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with greater negative emotionality, and through negative emotionality, exhibited indirect effects on psychological distress and alcohol consumption. These results are consistent with elements of the life stress model that specify various psychosocial traits as maladaptive in the context of stressful environments.

摘要

根据生活压力模型，压力环境发生在社会、心理和环境特征的背景下，这些特征可以作为资源或加重因素，每一个都与幸福感相关。这项研究旨在通过减少社会支持和增加负面情绪来测试生活在弱势社区对心理健康的间接影响。该模型使用来自居住在美国的 1050 名成年人的全国样本数据进行了测试。参与者完成了社会支持、消极情绪、抑郁、孤独、压力和饮酒量的测量。这些分数与 2015 年美国社区调查的数据合并，以评估邮政编码级别的邻里劣势指标。对具有结构方程模型的平行中介模型的测试表明，邻里劣势对心理困扰或饮酒没有直接影响。然而，邻里劣势与更大的负面情绪相关，并且通过负面情绪，对心理困扰和饮酒产生间接影响。这些结果与生活压力模型的元素一致，该模型将各种心理社会特征指定为在压力环境中适应不良。表现出对心理困扰和饮酒的间接影响。这些结果与生活压力模型的元素一致，该模型将各种心理社会特征指定为在压力环境中适应不良。表现出对心理困扰和饮酒的间接影响。这些结果与生活压力模型的元素一致，该模型将各种心理社会特征指定为在压力环境中适应不良。