The most fundamental aspect of a contact lens is its optics; the manner in which the refraction of light is managed to optimise vision to the clinical benefit of the lens wearer. This report presents contemporary information on the optical structure of the eye and the optical models employed to understand the correction of refractive error. The design, measurement and clinical assessment of spherical, aspheric, toric, multifocal and myopia control contact lenses are described. The complexity and variety of multifocal lenses is recognised and detailed information is provided for alternating, simultaneous, diffractive, annular, aspheric and extended depth of field lens designs. In terms of clinical assessment, a contemporary review is provided for the measurement of: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, through focus curves, reading performance, peripheral refraction, toric displacement realignment and patient reported outcomes. Overall, the paper aims to serve as a resource for the prescribing clinician, who can optimise contact lens corrections for patients by building on the optical rationale of these devices; and also highlights future opportunities for research innovation.

隐形眼镜最基本的方面是它的光学元件。管理光线折射以优化视力的方式，从而使镜片佩戴者的临床受益。本报告介绍了有关眼睛光学结构和用于了解屈光不正矫正的光学模型的当代信息。描述了球面、非球面、复曲面、多焦点和近视控制隐形眼镜的设计、测量和临床评估。认识到多焦点镜片的复杂性和多样性，并为交替、同步、衍射、环形、非球面和扩展景深镜头设计提供详细信息。在临床评估方面，提供了一项当代审查，用于测量：视力、对比敏感度、焦距曲线、阅读性能、外周屈光、复曲面移位重新排列和患者报告的结果。总体而言，本文旨在作为处方临床医生的资源，他们可以通过建立这些设备的光学原理来优化患者的隐形眼镜矫正；并强调了未来研究创新的机会。