Olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) from tephra of the recent 2013–2018 activity at Mt. Etna were investigated for assessing the chemical evolution of magmas and quantifying their pre-eruptive volatile budget. Microanalyses revealed two types of MIs present in all investigated eruptions; the inclusions, particularly the less evolved ones, appear to have experienced water loss coupled with SiO₂ depletion. Restoration of the original SiO₂-H₂O concentrations provides consistency with the thermodynamic modelling of magma evolution. The two types of MIs developed during crystallization of olivine plus clinopyroxene between 200 and 100 MPa, where magmas also experienced CO₂ flushing. Degassing processes at these levels are responsible for water depletion in the melt and diffusive water loss from inclusions. Our data suggest that initial water budget is unchanged all over the last 20 years, reflecting therefore a potential in triggering highly explosive eruptions depending on degassing dynamics under open versus closed system conditions at shallow levels.

中文翻译：

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岩浆脱水控制着最近火山爆发的能量。埃特纳火山

最近 2013-2018 年 Mt. 火山活动的橄榄石熔体包裹体 (MI)。埃特纳火山被研究用于评估岩浆的化学演化并量化其喷发前的波动预算。微观分析揭示了所有调查的喷发中都存在两种类型的 MIs；夹杂物，尤其是演化程度较低的夹杂物，似乎经历了水分流失和 SiO ₂消耗。原始 SiO ₂ -H ₂ O 浓度的恢复提供了与岩浆演化热力学模型的一致性。在橄榄石和斜辉石在 200 到 100 MPa 的结晶过程中形成了两种类型的 MIs，其中岩浆也经历了 CO ₂冲洗。这些级别的脱气过程导致熔体中的水分耗尽和夹杂物的扩散水分损失。我们的数据表明，在过去的 20 年中，初始水预算没有变化，因此反映了在浅层开放与封闭系统条件下根据脱气动力学触发高度爆炸性喷发的潜力。