ABSTRACT

Pistachio is one of the most important and high economic nut crops in the world. In the present research, the phenological and pomological traits of twenty superior male genotypes (MG) and twenty superior female genotypes (FG) of a pistachio open-pollinated population were evaluated along with five Iranian commercial pistachio cultivars in Damghan, Iran. A multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) was also used for sensitivity analysis of kernel and nut traits based on leaf and shoot properties. The nut dry weight in selected female genotypes was between 0.7 and 1.28 g, in kernel dry weight between 0.34 and 0.63 g, and in the percentage of split nuts were between 58% and 93%. FG17 with the largest nut and kernel length and FG18 genotype with big green kernel have the heaviest kernel and nut dry weight. Flowering time and nut harvesting times had wide variation among genotypes. The MG20 was identified as male genotypes with a long flowering period (12 days). According to MLP analysis, leaf length, inflorescence rachis length, and width had the highest sensitivity coefficient. The results indicated that most of the genotypes were suitable in terms of nut and kernel weight and size, and kernel color which can be examined for field trials. Furthermore, they could be useful as a parent to be crossed to generate appropriate populations or improve cultivars.

摘要

开心果是世界上最重要，经济最高的坚果作物之一。在本研究中，评估了开心果开放授粉种群的20种优良雄性基因型（MG）和20种优良雌性基因型（FG）的物候和果树性状，以及在伊朗大汉的五个伊朗商业开心果品种。多层感知器神经网络（MLP）也用于基于叶片和枝条特性的仁和坚果性状敏感性分析。在某些雌性基因型中，坚果干重在0.7到1.28 g之间，籽粒干重在0.34到0.63 g之间，开裂坚果的百分比在58％到93％之间。坚果和籽粒长度最大的FG17和绿色籽粒大的FG18基因型具有最大的籽粒和坚果干重。不同基因型的开花时间和坚果收获时间差异很大。MG20被鉴定为具有较长开花期（12天）的雄性基因型。根据MLP分析，叶片长度，花序轴长和宽度具有最高的灵敏度系数。结果表明，大多数基因型在坚果和籽粒的重量和大小以及籽粒的颜色方面都适用，可以进行田间试验。此外，它们可以作为杂交的亲本以产生适当的种群或改良品种。结果表明，大多数基因型在坚果和籽粒的重量和大小以及籽粒的颜色方面都适用，可以进行田间试验。此外，它们可以作为杂交的亲本以产生适当的种群或改良品种。结果表明，大多数基因型在坚果和籽粒的重量和大小以及籽粒的颜色方面都适用，可以进行田间试验。此外，它们可以作为杂交的亲本以产生适当的种群或改良品种。