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‘Indirect Method of Proof’ and the Kuwaiti Anti-Money Laundering Law: A Lesson from the UK
Criminal Law Forum ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s10609-021-09415-3
Khaled S. Al-Rashidi

The money laundering offence (ML offence), as established by the Kuwaiti Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Act 106/2013 (“AML/CFT Act”), has the potential to combat financial crimes. The broad definition of ‘proceeds of crime’ and the ‘all crimes’ approach adopted in the AML/CFT Act are two features that help the ML offence to do so. In relation to Kuwait, where the problem of public corruption is a common, prevalent pattern of criminality, the ML offence becomes of paramount importance. Corruption can be effectively combated by the ML offence. Using the indirect method of proof, the ‘stand-alone’ ML offence can do the trick. Yet, the ML offence is underused by Kuwaiti practitioners; it is used as a secondary, additional charge. In this context, this paper builds on public policy work on ‘policy transfer’ and argues that rather than being a rational response to a real problem, the AML/CFT Act has been transferred to Kuwait based on a ‘coercive transfer’, and that process is responsible for the misapplication and misunderstanding among Kuwaiti practitioners of the AML law. To that end, the Kuwaiti law enforcement authorities, prosecutors, and judges should reconsider their understanding and implementation of the existing AML law, and effectively harness the role of the ML offence in counter-corruption function. This paper’s thesis is a feasible one. Instead of calling for legislating for new laws, which may be stunted by broader political factors, this paper argues for employing existing legal instruments.



中文翻译:

“间接证明方法”与科威特反洗钱法:英国的教训

根据科威特《 106/2013年反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义法》(“ AML / CFT法”)确立的洗钱犯罪(ML犯罪)具有打击金融犯罪的潜力。《反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义法》对“犯罪所得”的广泛定义和“所有犯罪”方法是帮助ML犯罪做到这一点的两个特征。关于科威特,在公共腐败问题是普遍的普遍犯罪模式的情况下,ML犯罪变得极为重要。ML罪行可以有效地打击腐败。使用间接证明方法,“独立”的ML冒犯可以解决问题。但是,科威特的从业人员没有充分利用ML罪行;它用作辅助的附加费用。在这种情况下,本文以“政策转移”的公共政策工作为基础,认为反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义法不是对现实问题的理性回应,而是根据“强制转移”转移到科威特的,这一过程负责科威特从业人员对反洗钱法的误用和误解。为此,科威特执法部门,检察官和法官应重新考虑他们对现行反洗钱法的理解和执行,并有效利用ML罪在反腐败职能中的作用。本文的论文是可行的。本文不主张立法可能会受到更广泛政治因素阻碍的新法律,而是主张采用现有法律文书。《反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义法》已经根据“强制性转让”移交给了科威特,而这一程序是科威特反洗钱法从业者误用和误解的原因。为此,科威特执法部门,检察官和法官应重新考虑他们对现行反洗钱法的理解和执行,并有效利用ML罪在反腐败职能中的作用。本文的论文是可行的。本文不主张立法可能会受到更广泛政治因素阻碍的新法律,而是主张采用现有法律文书。《反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义法》已经根据“强制性转让”移交给了科威特,而这一过程是科威特反洗钱法从业者误用和误解的原因。为此,科威特执法部门,检察官和法官应重新考虑他们对现行反洗钱法的理解和执行,并有效利用ML罪在反腐败职能中的作用。本文的论文是可行的。本文不主张立法可能会受到更广泛政治因素阻碍的新法律,而是主张采用现有法律文书。科威特执法部门,检察官和法官应重新考虑他们对现有反洗钱法律的理解和实施,并有效利用ML罪行在反腐败职能中的作用。本文的论文是可行的。本文不主张立法可能会受到更广泛政治因素阻碍的新法律,而是主张采用现有法律文书。科威特执法部门,检察官和法官应重新考虑他们对现有反洗钱法律的理解和实施,并有效利用ML罪行在反腐败职能中的作用。本文的论文是可行的。本文不主张立法可能会受到更广泛政治因素阻碍的新法律,而是主张采用现有法律文书。

更新日期:2021-03-24
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