In this study, we use a statistical approach based on generalized additive models, linking atmospheric circulation and the number of influenza-related hospital admissions in the Spanish Iberian Peninsula during 2003–2013. The relative risks are estimated for administrative units in the Spanish territory, which is politically structured into 15 regions called autonomous communities. A catalog of atmospheric circulation types is defined for this purpose. The relationship between the exposure and response variables is modeled using a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Types from southwest and anticyclonic are significant in terms of the probability of having more influenza-related hospital admissions for all of Spain. The heterogeneity of the results is very high. The relative risk is also estimated for each autonomous community and weather type, with the maximum number of influenza-related hospital admissions associated with circulation types from the southwest and the south. We identify six specific situations where relative risk is considered extreme and twelve with a high risk of increasing influenza-related hospital admissions. The rest of the situations present a moderate risk. Atmospheric local conditions become a key factor for understanding influenza spread in each spatial unit of the Peninsula. Further research is needed to understand how different weather variables (temperature, humidity, and sun radiation) interact and promote the spread of influenza.

在这项研究中，我们使用基于广义加法模型的统计方法，将大气环流与 2003 年至 2013 年西班牙伊比利亚半岛的流感相关住院人数联系起来。估计西班牙领土内行政单位的相对风险，该领土在政治上分为 15 个称为自治社区的区域。为此定义了大气环流类型目录。暴露变量和响应变量之间的关系使用分布式滞后非线性模型 (DLNM) 建模。西南和反气旋的类型在整个西班牙出现更多与流感相关的住院的可能性方面很重要。结果的异质性非常高。还估计了每个自治社区和天气类型的相对风险，与西南和南部的循环类型相关的流感相关住院人数最多。我们确定了 6 种相对风险被认为是极端的特定情况，以及 12 种具有增加流感相关住院率的高风险的特定情况。其余情况存在中等风险。当地的大气条件成为了解流感在半岛每个空间单元中传播的关键因素。需要进一步研究以了解不同的天气变量（温度、湿度和太阳辐射）如何相互作用并促进流感的传播。我们确定了 6 种相对风险被认为是极端的特定情况，以及 12 种具有增加流感相关住院率的高风险的特定情况。其余情况存在中等风险。当地的大气条件成为了解流感在半岛每个空间单元中传播的关键因素。需要进一步研究以了解不同的天气变量（温度、湿度和太阳辐射）如何相互作用并促进流感的传播。我们确定了 6 种相对风险被认为是极端的特定情况，以及 12 种具有增加流感相关住院率的高风险的特定情况。其余情况存在中等风险。当地的大气条件成为了解流感在半岛每个空间单元中传播的关键因素。需要进一步研究以了解不同的天气变量（温度、湿度和太阳辐射）如何相互作用并促进流感的传播。