Now, and in the future, the majority of the world’s population is and will be living in cities. Thus, efficient urban green spaces (UGS), such as urban parks providing ecosystem services, are essential for human well-being. Besides their location, the characteristics of UGS, for example, size, availability of facilities (such as sports infrastructure or benches), and green characteristics, can determine the benefits derived or disturbances and disservices perceived by visitors. Knowing which components of UGS contribute to which benefits can help to meet the various demands of urban dwellers. The objective of this research is to present positive and negative aspects (benefits and disturbances/disservices, respectively) of UGS that people perceive and the difference in these perceptions across age groups and UGS. We surveyed more than 1700 users of 18 urban parks and 18 brownfields in Leipzig, Germany. Benefits related to natural elements and landscape aesthetics were most important especially for older age groups. Younger people placed more importance on size, availability, and location as well as sports facilities. The most frequently mentioned disturbance/disservice in urban parks was litter followed by the undesirable activities of other users. Tree cover, sports facilities, seating possibilities, and inhabitant density in the neighborhood influenced the perception of parks providing regulating services (noise mediation and shade provision) and social and cultural interactions. Brownfields were often appreciated as additional UGS close to people’s homes and for their wilderness aspects. Implementing specific facilities and varying tree cover can influence perceived benefits from UGS. Adapted management measures can therefore increase multiple benefits and minimize trade-offs between UGS users and uses, for example, the integration of wild areas into UGS including low or near-natural management areas.

中文翻译：

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人们对城市绿色有何评价？将城市绿色空间的特征与用户对自然惠益，干扰和损害的感知联系起来

现在以及将来，世界上大多数人口现在并将将居住在城市中。因此，高效的城市绿地（UGS），例如提供生态系统服务的城市公园，对于人类的福祉至关重要。除了其位置以外，UGS的特征（例如，大小，设施（如体育基础设施或长凳）的可用性以及绿色特征）还可以确定访客获得的利益或干扰和损害。知道UGS的哪些成分有助于哪些利益，可以帮助满足城市居民的各种需求。这项研究的目的是介绍人们感知的UGS的正面和负面方面（分别是益处和干扰/损害），以及各个年龄段和UGS的感知差异。我们对德国莱比锡的18个城市公园和18个棕地的1700多名用户进行了调查。与自然元素和景观美感相关的收益尤其重要，特别是对于年龄较大的年龄组。年轻人更加重视规模，可用性，位置以及体育设施。在城市公园中最常提及的干扰/破坏是垃圾，其次是其他使用者的不良活动。树木的覆盖，体育设施，座位的可能性以及附近居民的密度影响了公园对提供调节服务（噪音调节和遮荫提供）以及社会和文化互动的看法。布朗菲尔德通常被认为是人们住所附近和荒野地区的额外UGS。实施特定的设施和改变树木的覆盖范围可能会影响到UGS的感知收益。因此，采取适当的管理措施可以增加多种利益，并使UGS用户和使用之间的权衡最小化，例如，将野生地区纳入包括低或近乎自然的管理区域在内的UGS。