Previous studies have shown that repeated influenza vaccination can enhance susceptibility to subsequent infection with a drifted influenza virus strain. This paper seeks to further understanding of the interactions between influenza viruses and specific immune cells that accompany this phenomenon. The paper argues that repeated vaccination increases susceptibility to infection only in the context of a residual immunity induced by prior vaccination or infection. The results of computational analysis indicate that this is a dynamic consequence of interactions between vaccines, influenza viruses and specific immune cells. In particular, mathematical modelling was used to show that in the presence of residual immunity conferred by a vaccine administered in Canada in the 2013–2014 influenza season, the 2014–2015 season vaccine enhanced susceptibility to infection. Such infection enhancement occurs when the 2014–2015 vaccine boosts suppressive T-regulatory cells induced by the 2013–2014 vaccine, decreasing the strength of antibody responses to the infecting strain. Overall, the study suggests probable characteristics of infecting viruses and vaccines that make repeated influenza infections and vaccinations detrimental.

先前的研究表明，重复接种流感疫苗可以增强对漂移的流感病毒株随后感染的敏感性。本文试图进一步了解流感病毒与伴随这种现象的特定免疫细胞之间的相互作用。该论文认为，重复的疫苗接种仅在先前的疫苗接种或感染引起的残留免疫力的情况下才增加对感染的易感性。计算分析结果表明，这是疫苗，流感病毒和特定免疫细胞之间相互作用的动态结果。尤其是，数学模型被用来表明在2013-2014年流感季节，在加拿大施用的疫苗赋予了残余免疫力的情况下，2014-2015赛季疫苗提高了感染的易感性。当2014-2015疫苗增强2013-2014疫苗诱导的抑制性T调节细胞，从而降低了对感染菌株的抗体反应强度时，这种感染就会增强。总体而言，该研究表明，感染病毒和疫苗的特征可能使反复的流感感染和疫苗接种变得有害。